NBEO Posterior Segment & Retinal Disease Flashcards

Which treatment is first-line for neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration?

Answer: Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections

Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents (ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept) are the first-line treatment for wet AMD, reducing CNV leakage and improving visual acuity.

The AREDS2 formula for dry AMD supplementation includes which two carotenoids?

Answer: Lutein and zeaxanthin

AREDS2 replaced beta-carotene with lutein (10 mg) and zeaxanthin (2 mg) due to beta-carotene's lung cancer risk in smokers.

What is the hallmark OCT finding in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR)?

Answer: Subretinal fluid beneath the neurosensory retina

CSCR is characterized by a serous detachment of the neurosensory retina overlying a focal RPE leak, appearing as subretinal fluid on OCT.

A patient with sickle cell disease is at highest risk for which posterior segment complication?

Answer: Proliferative sickle cell retinopathy

Sickle cell retinopathy progresses to a proliferative stage with sea-fan neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, and traction retinal detachment.

Which peripheral retinal degeneration is considered a significant risk factor for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment?

Answer: Lattice degeneration

Lattice degeneration causes thinning of the peripheral retina with overlying vitreous liquefaction and strong vitreoretinal adhesions at its edges, predisposing to tears and detachment.

Macular pucker (epiretinal membrane) is best evaluated with which imaging modality?

Answer: Optical coherence tomography (OCT)

OCT clearly delineates the epiretinal membrane as a hyperreflective layer on the inner retinal surface and quantifies associated retinal distortion and thickening.