Verbal: Critical Reasoning Evaluate the Argument Flashcards
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A survey of website visitors finds 90% are satisfied, so the company concludes most of its customers are satisfied. Which question most helps evaluate this?
Answer: Are unhappy customers less likely to visit the site and take the survey?
If dissatisfied customers don't take the survey, the sample is biased toward the satisfied.
A poll of downtown commuters shows strong support for more parking, so the council concludes the city wants more parking. What best evaluates this?
Answer: Are downtown commuters representative of the whole city's residents?
Commuters may favor parking far more than the general population, biasing the result.
A magazine's reader poll finds 80% favor a luxury car, concluding the public prefers it. Which question is most useful to evaluate the claim?
Answer: Do the magazine's readers have far higher incomes than the general public?
Wealthier-than-average readers may not reflect the broader public's preferences.
A study based on volunteers concludes a new exercise reduces stress. What would most help evaluate whether the result generalizes?
Answer: Whether volunteers for an exercise study differ from typical people
Self-selected volunteers may be unusually motivated, limiting how broadly results apply.
A manager concludes a training course is effective because graduates who answered a follow-up survey praised it. Which question best evaluates this?
Answer: Did mainly the satisfied graduates bother to answer the survey?
Response bias toward satisfied graduates would inflate the apparent effectiveness.
A pollster phones landlines at noon and concludes most voters favor a candidate. What is most useful to evaluate this conclusion?
Answer: Whether daytime landline answerers differ politically from the full electorate
Noon landline respondents may skew toward certain demographics, biasing the poll.
An app's five-star average leads its maker to claim users love it, but only users prompted after a successful action were asked to rate. Which question best evaluates the claim?
Answer: Were frustrated users who quit early never prompted to rate?
If only successful sessions trigger the rating prompt, dissatisfied users are excluded.