Preventive Medicine and Zoonoses Flashcards
7 cards from real DVM practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Preventive Medicine and Zoonoses flashcards as text
Q fever is caused by which organism, and what is its primary transmission route to humans in veterinary settings?
Answer: Coxiella burnetii via inhalation of contaminated aerosols during parturition
Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever and is highly infectious via inhalation of aerosols from birth products, placenta, and amniotic fluid of infected sheep, goats, and cattle.
Which epidemiological measure describes the probability that an animal without disease will develop disease during a specific time period?
Answer: Cumulative incidence (risk)
Cumulative incidence (risk) is the proportion of disease-free animals that develop disease during a defined time period, expressed as a probability.
A dairy herd vaccination program for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) should ideally target animals at what time point for maximum efficacy?
Answer: 2-4 weeks before anticipated stress events or high-risk periods
Vaccinating 2-4 weeks before stress events allows adequate time for protective immune responses to develop before animals face high-risk periods.
Which of the following is a DIRECT zoonotic transmission route for Cryptosporidium parvum?
Answer: Fecal-oral contact with infected calf feces
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in calf feces are immediately infectious upon passage and can be transmitted to humans via direct fecal-oral contact or contaminated water.
In the context of biosecurity, what does 'biocontainment' specifically refer to?
Answer: Preventing pathogens already present within a facility from spreading outward
Biocontainment refers to measures that prevent pathogens already present within a facility from spreading to other animals, farms, or regions.
Which serological test format produces the fewest false positives in a population with low disease prevalence?
Answer: A test with high specificity (>99%) applied to a low-prevalence population
In low-prevalence populations, positive predictive value is strongly dependent on specificity; a highly specific test minimizes false positives that would otherwise overwhelm true positives.
A veterinarian identifies a reportable foreign animal disease suspicion on a farm. What is the FIRST action they should take?
Answer: Contact the state veterinarian or USDA APHIS immediately and quarantine the premises
Foreign animal disease suspicions require immediate notification of the state veterinarian or USDA APHIS and implementation of a farm quarantine to prevent potential spread.