Human Growth and Development Flashcards
7 cards from real CPCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Human Growth and Development flashcards as text
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, the 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD) refers to:
Answer: The gap between what a learner can do alone and with skilled guidance
The ZPD is the distance between a learner's independent capability and what they can achieve with support from a more knowledgeable other.
A 4-year-old child insists that a taller, thinner glass holds more water than a shorter, wider glass even after watching the same amount of water poured between them. This demonstrates a lack of:
Answer: Conservation
Conservation is the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance, a concept Piaget found absent in preoperational children.
Bronfenbrenner's ecological model places the bidirectional interactions between microsystems (e.g., home and school) in the:
Answer: Mesosystem
The mesosystem encompasses the relationships and interactions between two or more settings in which the developing person actively participates.
During which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development does the central crisis involve 'Intimacy vs. Isolation'?
Answer: Early adulthood
Erikson placed Intimacy vs. Isolation in early adulthood (roughly ages 20–40), where forming close, committed relationships is the developmental task.
Which theorist proposed that moral development progresses through three levels—preconventional, conventional, and postconventional—each containing two stages?
Answer: Lawrence Kohlberg
Kohlberg extended Piaget's work on moral reasoning and described six stages across three hierarchical levels of moral development.
Attachment theory, primarily developed by John Bowlby, proposes that infants are biologically predisposed to seek proximity to caregivers because it serves what primary function?
Answer: Promoting survival through protection
Bowlby argued that attachment behaviors evolved because keeping infants close to caregivers increases survival, especially in the face of threat.
A researcher studies the same group of children at ages 5, 10, and 15. This is best described as a:
Answer: Longitudinal study
A longitudinal study follows the same participants over an extended period of time to observe developmental changes.