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Data Analysis & Reporting Flashcards

7 cards from real CLL practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Data Analysis & Reporting flashcards as text

  1. A Lean leader is interpreting a box plot. The whisker on the upper end extends much farther than the lower whisker. What does this indicate?

    Answer: The data is right-skewed with high-value outliers present

    A longer upper whisker indicates right skewness, meaning there are relatively large values pulling the distribution tail upward.

  2. Which type of data requires attribute (discrete) analysis methods rather than variable (continuous) analysis methods?

    Answer: Pass/fail inspection results

    Pass/fail data is attribute (discrete) data with only two possible outcomes, requiring proportion-based analysis methods.

  3. In lean Six Sigma, the DPMO metric stands for:

    Answer: Defects Per Million Opportunities

    DPMO (Defects Per Million Opportunities) normalizes defect rates across different process complexities for benchmarking.

  4. A scatter diagram shows data points that form a horizontal band with no discernible slope. What conclusion can be drawn?

    Answer: There is no linear relationship between the two variables

    A horizontal scatter with no slope indicates the variables are not linearly correlated — changes in X do not predict changes in Y.

  5. When reporting lean improvement results, why is it important to include both statistical significance AND practical significance?

    Answer: A statistically significant result may be too small to matter in practice

    With large sample sizes, even trivial differences become statistically significant, so practical effect size must confirm business value.

  6. A lean team wants to track whether their new process change is sustainable over time. Which tool is most appropriate for ongoing monitoring?

    Answer: Statistical process control (SPC) chart

    SPC charts provide ongoing real-time monitoring of process stability, alerting operators to shifts before defects accumulate.

  7. In a lean data presentation to stakeholders, what is the recommended approach when actual performance falls short of the target?

    Answer: Present the gap transparently along with a corrective action plan

    Lean culture requires transparent reporting of gaps along with countermeasures, enabling fast problem-solving and accountability.