B.Pharm. Bachelor of Pharmacy Microbiology & Immunology

Question 1

Which bacterial structure protects against phagocytosis and is a major virulence factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharide capsule

Answer

Flagella

Answer

Pili

Answer

Endospore

Question 2

The Gram stain differentiates bacteria based on differences in their:

Accepted Answer

Cell wall peptidoglycan thickness

Answer

Cell membrane lipid content

Answer

Capsule composition

Answer

Flagella protein structure

Question 3

Which type of immunity is acquired naturally by the body's own immune response after exposure to an antigen?

Accepted Answer

Active natural immunity

Answer

Passive artificial immunity

Answer

Passive natural immunity

Answer

Active artificial immunity

Question 4

Bacteriostatic antibiotics differ from bactericidal antibiotics in that they:

Accepted Answer

Inhibit bacterial growth without killing

Answer

Kill bacteria directly

Answer

Are less effective against infections

Answer

Cannot be used in immunocompromised patients

Question 5

Which immunoglobulin class is the most abundant in human serum and provides the main antibody-based defense?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Answer

IgA

Answer

IgM

Answer

IgE

Question 6

D-value (decimal reduction time) in microbiology sterilization refers to the time required to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce the microbial population by 90% (1 log)

Answer

Double the microbial population

Answer

Completely eliminate all microorganisms

Answer

Inactivate 50% of spores