ATDH - Admission Test for Dental Hygiene General Biology Concepts Questions and Answers

Question 1

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is primarily responsible for generating the majority of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 2

A patient uses a highly concentrated saline (saltwater) rinse, creating a hypertonic environment in the oral cavity. What is the most likely effect on bacterial cells present on the mucosal surfaces?

Accepted Answer

The cells will lose water and shrink.

Answer

The cells will swell and may burst.

Answer

The cells will rapidly divide.

Answer

The cells will remain unaffected by the rinse.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the primary role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

To act as catalysts that increase the rate of reactions.

Answer

To store and transmit genetic information.

Answer

To serve as the primary source of cellular energy.

Answer

To provide structural support to cell membranes.

Question 4

A key structural difference between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) is the type of sugar present in their nucleotide backbones. What are the respective sugars found in DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose in DNA, Ribose in RNA

Answer

Ribose in DNA, Deoxyribose in RNA

Answer

Glucose in DNA, Fructose in RNA

Answer

Sucrose in both DNA and RNA

Question 5

Many pathogenic bacteria that contribute to periodontal disease thrive in the low-oxygen environment of subgingival pockets. These bacteria primarily generate energy through which metabolic process?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Aerobic respiration

Answer

Chemosynthesis

Question 6

Saliva contains bicarbonate and phosphate ions that help maintain a relatively stable pH in the oral cavity, even after a person consumes acidic foods. This system is an example of a biological:

Accepted Answer

Buffer

Answer

Catalyst

Answer

Solvent

Answer

Isotope