ABCN Neuropathological Conditions and Clinical Presentations 3

Question 1

Which feature of the neuropsychological profile most clearly distinguishes schizophrenia from major depressive disorder with cognitive complaints?

Accepted Answer

Stable, trait-like deficits across multiple domains in schizophrenia versus state-dependent deficits that improve with remission in depression

Answer

Prominent amnestic syndrome in schizophrenia with intact memory in depression

Answer

Isolated executive dysfunction in schizophrenia versus global impairment in depression

Answer

Language impairment in schizophrenia versus visuospatial deficits in depression

Question 2

A child treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with prophylactic cranial radiation is at greatest risk for late neuropsychological deficits in which domain?

Accepted Answer

Processing speed, attention, and working memory

Answer

Phonological processing and word reading

Answer

Long-term semantic memory consolidation

Answer

Social cognition and pragmatic language

Question 3

A patient with a frontal lobe glioblastoma multiforme presents with personality changes, disinhibition, and poor insight. Which neuropsychological domain is most likely to show the greatest deficit?

Accepted Answer

Executive function and behavioral regulation

Answer

Episodic verbal memory and learning

Answer

Visuospatial construction and perception

Answer

Confrontation naming and semantic access

Question 4

Neuropsychological evaluation of a patient with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) most commonly reveals deficits consistent with which pattern?

Accepted Answer

Subcortical profile with slowed processing speed, attention deficits, and psychomotor slowing

Answer

Cortical profile with prominent naming and language deficits

Answer

Focal amnestic syndrome with intact executive function

Answer

Visuospatial construction deficit with preserved processing speed

Question 5

On neuropsychological testing, which finding most specifically supports a diagnosis of ADHD rather than a primary mood or anxiety disorder?

Accepted Answer

Impaired sustained attention and response inhibition with intact episodic memory encoding

Answer

Below-average Full Scale IQ on cognitive testing

Answer

Significant verbal-performance IQ discrepancy favoring verbal abilities

Answer

Elevated anxiety and depression ratings on self-report measures

Question 6

Multiple sclerosis (MS) most consistently and prominently impairs which neuropsychological domain, particularly in the early stages of the disease?

Accepted Answer

Processing speed and information processing efficiency

Answer

Expressive language and word retrieval

Answer

Visuoconstructional ability and visual memory

Answer

Confrontation naming and semantic fluency

Question 7

A patient with a right parietal lobe lesion consistently fails to report or respond to stimuli in left hemispace despite intact primary visual and somatosensory systems. This presentation is most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Hemispatial neglect

Answer

Cortical blindness

Answer

Simultanagnosia

Answer

Balint syndrome