Drawing Deductive Conclusions Questions and Answers Flashcards
6 cards from real Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
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Premises: 'All software applications that process personal data must comply with Regulation Z. Application Beta processes personal data.' What conclusion necessarily follows?
Answer: Application Beta must comply with Regulation Z.
The universal premise applies to all personal data-processing applications without exception — Beta falls within this category, so compliance is required.
Premises: 'If a building is taller than 30 floors, it requires a structural engineering review every 5 years. Tower Crest has 35 floors.' What conclusion necessarily follows?
Answer: Tower Crest requires a structural engineering review every 5 years.
Tower Crest's 35 floors exceed the 30-floor threshold, so the conditional rule applies — it requires a review every 5 years.
Premises: 'All board members voted for the merger. Patricia is not a board member.' What conclusion necessarily follows?
Answer: No conclusion about Patricia's vote necessarily follows.
The premises tell us about board members' votes and that Patricia is not a board member — they say nothing about how non-board members voted.
Premises: 'No employee may access the server room without a Level 3 clearance. All systems engineers have Level 3 clearance.' What conclusion necessarily follows?
Answer: Systems engineers may access the server room.
Since all systems engineers have Level 3 clearance, they satisfy the access condition — therefore they may access the server room.
Premises: 'All research proposals requiring human subjects must be approved by the ethics committee. This study requires human subjects.' What conclusion necessarily follows?
Answer: This study must be approved by the ethics committee.
The universal requirement applies to all human-subjects research without exception — this study falls within that category, so ethics approval is required.
Premises: 'Some analysts predict a recession. All recessions cause increased unemployment.' What conclusion necessarily follows?
Answer: Some analysts predict conditions that, if a recession occurs, would cause increased unemployment.
Since analysts only predict (not confirm) a recession, and a recession would cause unemployment, the combined conclusion is conditional: IF the analysts are right, THEN unemployment will rise.