Veterinary Pharmacology Flashcards

Which opioid analgesic is most commonly used as a preanesthetic in dogs due to its sedative and analgesic properties?

Answer: Hydromorphone

Hydromorphone is a pure mu-opioid agonist widely used for preanesthesia in dogs because of its reliable sedation and potent analgesia.

A cat receiving enrofloxacin at high doses is at risk for which serious adverse effect?

Answer: Retinal degeneration and blindness

High doses of enrofloxacin in cats can cause acute retinal degeneration leading to blindness due to fluoroquinolone toxicity specific to feline photoreceptors.

Which drug class is used to treat heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) adulticide therapy in dogs?

Answer: Melarsomine

Melarsomine dihydrochloride (Immiticide) is the only FDA-approved adulticide for treating adult heartworms in dogs.

What is the mechanism of action of furosemide?

Answer: Inhibits the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in the loop of Henle

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, reducing sodium and water reabsorption.

A dog is prescribed phenobarbital for seizure control. Which organ function should be monitored every 6 months?

Answer: Liver

Phenobarbital is hepatically metabolized and can cause hepatotoxicity with chronic use, so liver enzyme panels and bile acids should be monitored regularly.

Which of the following is a reversal agent for benzodiazepine sedation?

Answer: Flumazenil

Flumazenil competitively antagonizes benzodiazepine receptors and can reverse sedation caused by diazepam or midazolam.

Which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is approved for use in cats in the United States for acute pain management?

Answer: Robenacoxib

Robenacoxib (Onsior) is FDA-approved for short-term acute pain and inflammation in cats, while most other NSAIDs lack cat-specific approvals in the US.