VABC Pharmacology & Infusion Therapy 2

Question 1

Which anticoagulant is most commonly used for locking central venous catheters to maintain patency between infusions?

Accepted Answer

Heparin

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Alteplase

Answer

Bivalirudin

Question 2

A patient's IV site exhibits erythema, warmth, induration, and a palpable cord along the vein path. These findings are most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Phlebitis

Answer

Extravasation

Answer

Infiltration

Answer

Hematoma formation

Question 3

Which medication preparation would be CONTRAINDICATED for peripheral IV administration due to its osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

Potassium Chloride 40 mEq in 100 mL (~800 mOsm/L)

Answer

0.9% Normal Saline (308 mOsm/L)

Answer

Lactated Ringer's Solution (273 mOsm/L)

Answer

5% Dextrose in Water (252 mOsm/L)

Question 4

The 'SASH' flushing protocol for central venous catheters stands for which sequence?

Accepted Answer

Saline, Administer medication, Saline, Heparin

Answer

Sterile water, Antibiotic, Saline, Heparin

Answer

Sodium chloride, Aspiration, Saline, Hold

Answer

Saline, Aspirate, Sterilize, Heparin

Question 5

What is the maximum recommended infusion rate for potassium chloride (KCl) administered via a peripheral IV route?

Accepted Answer

10 mEq/hour

Answer

5 mEq/hour

Answer

20 mEq/hour

Answer

40 mEq/hour

Question 6

Cytotoxic drugs that cause blistering, tissue necrosis, and permanent injury upon extravasation are classified as:

Accepted Answer

Vesicants

Answer

Irritants

Answer

Sensitizers

Answer

Sclerosants

Question 7

What is the key distinction between infiltration and extravasation?

Accepted Answer

Infiltration is leakage of non-vesicant solution; extravasation is leakage of a vesicant or blood product

Answer

Infiltration involves air; extravasation involves blood

Answer

Infiltration occurs centrally; extravasation occurs peripherally

Answer

Infiltration causes necrosis; extravasation causes phlebitis