VABC Pharmacology & Infusion Therapy

Question 1

Which IV solution is classified as isotonic and most closely matches the osmolarity of human blood?

Accepted Answer

0.9% Sodium Chloride

Answer

0.45% Sodium Chloride

Answer

3% Sodium Chloride

Answer

10% Dextrose in Water (D10W)

Question 2

A patient receiving vesicant chemotherapy via peripheral IV develops swelling, blanching, and pain at the infusion site. This presentation is most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Extravasation

Answer

Phlebitis

Answer

Infiltration

Answer

Catheter-related bloodstream infection

Question 3

Which pharmacokinetic factors most significantly influence the rate of drug distribution to tissues after IV administration?

Accepted Answer

Protein binding and lipid solubility

Answer

Oral bioavailability and first-pass metabolism

Answer

Renal clearance and urine pH

Answer

GI absorption and hepatic extraction ratio

Question 4

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) formulations must be administered via which vascular access route due to their hyperosmolarity?

Accepted Answer

Central venous catheter

Answer

Short peripheral catheter

Answer

Midline catheter

Answer

Subcutaneous infusion device

Question 5

Which of the following medications is classified as a vesicant?

Accepted Answer

Doxorubicin

Answer

0.9% Normal Saline

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Lactated Ringer's Solution

Question 6

What is the primary purpose of adding heparin to a catheter lock solution in vascular access protocols?

Accepted Answer

Maintain catheter patency by inhibiting clot formation

Answer

Prevent catheter-related infection

Answer

Reduce phlebitis at the insertion site

Answer

Neutralize residual medication in the lumen

Question 7

According to INS Standards of Practice, solutions with an osmolarity exceeding which value require administration via a central venous access device?

Accepted Answer

900 mOsm/L

Answer

500 mOsm/L

Answer

600 mOsm/L

Answer

800 mOsm/L