FAA Unmanned Aircraft General (UAG) Knowledge Test — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Under Part 107, what is the minimum distance that must be maintained from a cloud during UAS operations?

100 feet horizontally and 100 feet vertically
200 feet horizontally and 200 feet vertically
500 feet horizontally and 500 feet vertically
400 feet horizontally and 400 feet vertically (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 400 feet horizontally and 400 feet vertically

FAA Part 107 regulations mandate specific cloud clearances for UAS operations to ensure safety and prevent collisions with manned aircraft. Remote pilots must maintain a minimum distance of 400 feet horizontally and 400 feet vertically from any cloud. This requirement ensures adequate visibility and separation in the airspace.

Question 2: When reviewing a takeoff performance chart in the UAS Flight Manual, what is the effect of a headwind?

It has no effect on takeoff distance.
It increases the takeoff distance required.
It decreases the takeoff distance required. (Correct answer)
It requires a higher rotation speed.

Correct answer: It decreases the takeoff distance required.

A headwind reduces the groundspeed the aircraft must achieve to reach its liftoff airspeed. Because the aircraft has a 'head start' in terms of airflow over the wings, the ground roll distance required for takeoff is decreased.

Question 3: A remote pilot needs a broad overview of weather patterns, including frontal systems and pressure centers, for a cross-country sUAS operation. Which of the following would be the most appropriate resource?

A Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF)
An Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR)
A Pilot Report (PIREP)
A Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA)

The Graphical Forecast for Aviation (GFA) provides a comprehensive, interactive graphical display of weather observations and forecasts across the continental U.S. It is ideal for understanding the big picture, including the location of fronts, pressure systems, and widespread weather phenomena, which is crucial for planning longer flights.

Question 4: You are operating a UAS near an airport that does not have a control tower, FSS, or UNICOM. What frequency would be designated as the CTAF for pilots to self-announce their positions?

122.9 MHz (MULTICOM)
122.95 MHz (Towered Airport UNICOM) (Correct answer)
The frequency of the nearest control tower
121.5 MHz (Emergency Frequency)

Correct answer: 122.95 MHz (Towered Airport UNICOM)

At airports that have no tower, Flight Service Station (FSS), or UNICOM, the designated frequency for self-announcing procedures is MULTICOM, which is 122.9 MHz. [5, 20] This frequency serves as the CTAF in these specific situations, allowing pilots to coordinate with each other for safe operations.

Question 5: What is Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)?

A GPS feature that allows receivers to detect faulty satellite signals (Correct answer)
A system that automatically updates GPS firmware
A backup radio navigation system used when GPS fails
A regulatory requirement for UAS GPS equipment

Correct answer: A GPS feature that allows receivers to detect faulty satellite signals

RAIM is a GPS receiver function that cross-checks multiple satellite signals to detect and exclude faulty signals, providing integrity monitoring without external input.

Question 6: If the center of gravity (CG) of a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft is moved to the most aft limit, which performance characteristic is most likely to be experienced?

Increased longitudinal stability and higher stall speed.
Less stability and a lower stall speed. (Correct answer)
A requirement for less tail-down force to maintain level flight, leading to increased drag.
Improved stall recovery characteristics.

Correct answer: Less stability and a lower stall speed.

Moving the center of gravity (CG) aft decreases longitudinal stability, making the aircraft less stable but more maneuverable. An aft CG also results in a lower stall speed because less tail-down force is required to balance the aircraft, which means the wing can fly at a lower angle of attack for level flight.

Question 7: Why is it important to perform a risk assessment during UAS mission planning?

To identify potential hazards and implement mitigation measures (Correct answer)
To allocate sufficient funds for the mission
To determine the best time for the mission
To select the type of UAS to be used

Correct answer: To identify potential hazards and implement mitigation measures

Performing a risk assessment during UAS mission planning is vital for identifying potential hazards and developing effective mitigation measures. This proactive step involves evaluating environmental factors, equipment reliability, and operational complexities to foresee potential issues. By addressing these risks beforehand, the safety and success of the mission are significantly enhanced.

Question 8: What is the primary reason a remote pilot in command must calculate the weight and balance of their UAS before every flight?

To ensure the UAS does not exceed the 100 mph speed limit.
To verify the battery is fully charged.
To comply with the manufacturer's specified limits for safe operation. (Correct answer)
To determine the maximum flight altitude for the mission.

Correct answer: To comply with the manufacturer's specified limits for safe operation.

Compliance with the manufacturer's specified weight and balance limits is critical for flight safety. Operating outside these limits can compromise the structural integrity of the aircraft and lead to instability or loss of control. The remote PIC is responsible for verifying the aircraft is correctly loaded before each flight.

Question 9: What is a key consideration when planning a flight path for a UAS mission?

Ensuring constant visual line of sight (VLOS) (Correct answer)
Maximizing battery usage
Avoiding areas of high electromagnetic interference
Minimizing data transmission

Correct answer: Ensuring constant visual line of sight (VLOS)

A key consideration when planning a flight path for a UAS mission, under FAA Part 107, is ensuring constant visual line of sight (VLOS). The remote pilot or a designated visual observer must be able to see the unmanned aircraft with unaided vision throughout the entire flight. This is essential for maintaining situational awareness, avoiding hazards, and ensuring safe operation.

Question 10: What is the primary responsibility of the Remote Pilot in Command (RPIC) during UAS operations?

Maintaining visual line of sight with the aircraft
Monitoring battery levels
Recording flight data
Ensuring the safety of the operation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Ensuring the safety of the operation

The primary responsibility of the Remote Pilot in Command (RPIC) during UAS operations is ensuring the safety of the entire operation. This encompasses comprehensive pre-flight planning, assessing environmental conditions, verifying aircraft airworthiness, and making critical real-time decisions to mitigate risks. The RPIC is ultimately accountable for protecting people and property throughout the flight.

Question 11: Under what condition is a Remote Pilot in Command (PIC) allowed to operate a small unmanned aircraft from a moving vehicle?

When operating over a sparsely populated area. (Correct answer)
During daylight hours only.
For the purposes of transporting property for compensation or hire.
When the vehicle is moving slower than 25 mph.

Correct answer: When operating over a sparsely populated area.

14 CFR Part 107.25 permits operation from a moving vehicle, but only when the operation is conducted over a sparsely populated area. The rule does not allow this type of operation for the transportation of property for compensation or hire.

Question 12: What is the primary force that opposes the weight of an unmanned aircraft in flight?

Gravity
Drag
Thrust
Lift (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Lift

In flight, the primary force that directly opposes the weight of an unmanned aircraft is lift. Lift is an aerodynamic force generated by the movement of air over the aircraft's wings or rotors, creating a pressure differential that pushes the aircraft upwards. This upward force is essential for keeping the aircraft airborne against the pull of gravity.

Question 13: Under what conditions may a Part 107 remote pilot operate an sUAS during civil twilight?

The sUAS must be equipped with anti-collision lights visible for at least 3 statute miles. (Correct answer)
Operations during civil twilight are prohibited under Part 107.
The sUAS must be equipped with anti-collision lights visible for at least 1 statute mile.
Only with a specific waiver from the FAA.

Correct answer: The sUAS must be equipped with anti-collision lights visible for at least 3 statute miles.

According to 14 CFR 107.29, operations during civil twilight (30 minutes before sunrise to official sunrise, and official sunset to 30 minutes after sunset) are permitted if the small unmanned aircraft has lighted anti-collision lighting visible for at least 3 statute miles.

Question 14: What is dead reckoning as applied to UAS navigation?

Using only GPS for primary navigation without cross-checking
Estimating position using last known position, speed, heading, and elapsed time (Correct answer)
A redundant navigation method using two GPS receivers
Navigating solely by reference to visual landmarks

Correct answer: Estimating position using last known position, speed, heading, and elapsed time

Dead reckoning involves calculating a current position estimate based on a previously known position, applying known speed, heading, and time elapsed since that position.

Question 15: When monitoring radio communications, which is the correct and standard way a pilot would state an altitude of 9,500 feet MSL?

"Ninety-five hundred"
"Nine point five, altitude"
"Niner-five-zero-zero feet"
"Niner thousand, five hundred feet" (Correct answer)

Correct answer: "Niner thousand, five hundred feet"

According to the FAA's Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM), for altitudes up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL, pilots should state the separate digits of the thousands, followed by the word "thousand," plus the hundreds. Therefore, 9,500 is stated as "Niner thousand, five hundred." [10, 17, 27]

Question 16: A remote pilot is preparing for a flight on a hot, humid day at an airport with a high field elevation. Which of the following effects on UAS performance should be anticipated?

Reduced aircraft performance due to high density altitude. (Correct answer)
No significant impact on performance, as UAS are unaffected by density altitude.
Decreased takeoff distance and improved climb performance.
Increased propeller efficiency and longer flight times.

Correct answer: Reduced aircraft performance due to high density altitude.

High temperature, high humidity, and high elevation all contribute to a high density altitude. High density altitude means the air is less dense, which reduces the efficiency of the propellers and motors. This leads to decreased overall aircraft performance, including longer takeoff distances, reduced climb rates, and shorter flight times.

Question 17: Which of the following scenarios involving a person on the ground would be classified as a 'serious injury', mandating an accident report to the FAA?

An injury requiring a single visit to an urgent care clinic for stitches.
An injury resulting in hospitalization for more than 48 hours. (Correct answer)
A sprained wrist that heals within a week.
A simple fracture of a toe.

Correct answer: An injury resulting in hospitalization for more than 48 hours.

Part 107 defines a 'serious injury' by referencing NTSB regulations (49 CFR part 830), which includes any injury that requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within 7 days from the date the injury was received. Simple fractures of fingers, toes, or nose are specifically excluded.

Question 18: A remote pilot is reviewing the following METAR: KLAX 182154Z 25015G25KT 10SM SCT040 23/11 A2992. What information can be derived from this report for a planned sUAS operation?

The altimeter setting is 29.92 inches of mercury, and there are scattered clouds at 400 feet AGL.
The wind is from 250 degrees at 15 knots, gusting to 25 knots, and the sky is overcast at 4,000 feet.
The wind is from 250 degrees true at 15 knots, gusting to 25 knots, with scattered clouds at 4,000 feet AGL. (Correct answer)
Visibility is 10 nautical miles, and the temperature is 23 degrees Fahrenheit.

Correct answer: The wind is from 250 degrees true at 15 knots, gusting to 25 knots, with scattered clouds at 4,000 feet AGL.

This METAR indicates winds from 250 degrees (true north) at 15 knots with gusts to 25 knots (25015G25KT), visibility of 10 statute miles (10SM), and scattered clouds at 4,000 feet Above Ground Level (SCT040). The temperature is 23°C and the dew point is 11°C (23/11), with an altimeter setting of 29.92 inHg (A2992). It is important to remember that cloud heights in METARs are given in feet AGL.

Question 19: A Remote Pilot in Command (RPIC) is hired to inspect a 1,500-foot tall television tower. According to Part 107, what is the maximum altitude the sUAS can be operated at for this inspection?

400 feet above the television tower. (Correct answer)
400 feet above the ground (AGL).
1,500 feet above the ground (AGL).
1,900 feet above the ground (AGL).

Correct answer: 400 feet above the television tower.

Part 107 allows a remote pilot to fly an sUAS higher than 400 feet AGL if it remains within a 400-foot radius of a structure and does not fly more than 400 feet above the structure's immediate uppermost limit. In this scenario, the maximum altitude would be 1,500 feet (tower height) + 400 feet = 1,900 feet AGL, which corresponds to 400 feet above the tower.

Question 20: A remote pilot plans to attach a new, heavier camera payload to their multirotor UAS. Which of the following is the most significant performance change the pilot should expect?

Longer flight endurance due to increased momentum.
Increased maneuverability and faster response to control inputs.
Decreased flight endurance and potentially sluggish control response. (Correct answer)
A lower center of gravity, which always improves stability.

Correct answer: Decreased flight endurance and potentially sluggish control response.

Exceeding the maximum gross weight of a UAS reduces flight performance in almost every respect. The motors must work harder to generate sufficient lift, which significantly increases power consumption and decreases flight endurance. The added weight also increases inertia, which can make the aircraft feel less responsive or 'sluggish' to control inputs.

Question 21: What is the maximum altitude above ground level (AGL) at which an unmanned aircraft can be legally operated in uncontrolled airspace without special permission from the FAA?

200 feet
100 feet
500 feet
400 feet (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 400 feet

Under FAA Part 107 regulations, an unmanned aircraft can be legally operated in uncontrolled airspace (Class G) at a maximum altitude of 400 feet above ground level (AGL) without special permission. This altitude limit is established to maintain safe separation from manned aircraft and ensure the orderly use of the national airspace.

Question 22: What aerodynamic principle explains the lift generation due to the pressure difference above and below an unmanned aircraft's wing?

Archimedes' principle
Newton's third law of motion
Bernoulli's principle (Correct answer)
Pascal's law

Correct answer: Bernoulli's principle

Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. For an aircraft wing, the curved upper surface causes air to travel faster over it than the flatter lower surface, resulting in lower pressure above the wing and higher pressure below. This pressure difference generates the upward force known as lift.

Question 23: Ionospheric disturbances (such as solar flares) primarily affect GPS signals by:

Physically damaging satellite hardware
Reducing the number of GPS satellites in view
Permanently removing satellites from service
Causing signal delays that introduce position errors (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Causing signal delays that introduce position errors

Solar activity causes the ionosphere to vary, which changes the speed of GPS radio waves passing through it, introducing timing errors that translate into position inaccuracies.

Question 24: In unmanned aircraft, what effect does an increase in airspeed have on the dynamic pressure exerted on the wings?

It increases dynamic pressure (Correct answer)
It has no effect on dynamic pressure
It decreases dynamic pressure
It only affects static pressure

Correct answer: It increases dynamic pressure

In unmanned aircraft, an increase in airspeed directly leads to an increase in the dynamic pressure exerted on the wings. Dynamic pressure is a measure of the kinetic energy of the air flowing around the aircraft. Higher airspeed means faster airflow, which in turn generates greater dynamic pressure, a key factor in producing more lift.

Question 25: A remote pilot is operating near a non-towered airport and wants to maintain situational awareness of manned aircraft operations. Which frequency should the pilot monitor?

The local Flight Service Station (FSS) frequency
MULTICOM (122.9 MHz) only
ATIS (Automated Terminal Information Service)
The airport's designated CTAF (Common Traffic Advisory Frequency) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The airport's designated CTAF (Common Traffic Advisory Frequency)

The Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) is the designated frequency for pilots to self-announce their positions and intentions at airports without an operating control tower. [1, 2, 3] Monitoring the CTAF is the best way for a remote pilot to maintain situational awareness of manned aircraft in the vicinity. While MULTICOM (122.9) can be a CTAF, it's not the only one, and the specific airport's CTAF should be identified from aeronautical charts. [5, 20]

Question 26: Which weather condition must be checked prior to conducting UAS operations?

Visibility and cloud cover (Correct answer)
Air pressure
Humidity levels
Temperature

Correct answer: Visibility and cloud cover

Prior to conducting UAS operations, checking visibility and cloud cover is crucial because these weather conditions directly impact the remote pilot's ability to maintain visual line of sight (VLOS). Poor visibility or low cloud ceilings can obscure the drone or other aircraft, posing significant safety risks. Adhering to weather minimums ensures safe and compliant flight operations.

Question 27: A remote pilot is planning a flight for later in the day. Which weather product should be consulted to get an understanding of the forecast conditions expected at the specific destination airport around the planned flight time?

A Convective SIGMET, because it warns of severe thunderstorm activity.
A PIREP, because it contains real-time, in-flight observations from other pilots.
A TAF, because it provides a forecast of expected weather conditions for a 5-statute mile radius around an airport. (Correct answer)
A METAR, because it provides a detailed report of current surface weather observations.

Correct answer: A TAF, because it provides a forecast of expected weather conditions for a 5-statute mile radius around an airport.

A Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) is the correct source for future planning at a specific airport. While a METAR provides current conditions, a TAF forecasts weather for a 24 to 30-hour period within a 5-statute mile radius of an airport, making it ideal for planning flights later in the day.

Question 28: While operating an sUAS, a remote pilot spots a manned helicopter on a potential collision course. According to Part 107, what is the correct course of action?

Give way to the helicopter, as sUAS must yield the right-of-way to all other aircraft. (Correct answer)
Maintain course and speed, as the helicopter is larger and more maneuverable.
Attempt to contact the helicopter pilot via radio to coordinate a safe passage.
Ascend rapidly to fly above the helicopter's flight path.

Correct answer: Give way to the helicopter, as sUAS must yield the right-of-way to all other aircraft.

14 CFR 107.37 explicitly states that a small unmanned aircraft must yield the right-of-way to all aircraft, including airborne vehicles. The remote pilot must give way and may not pass over, under, or ahead of the other aircraft unless well clear.

Question 29: You are hired to inspect a 1,200-foot tall broadcast tower. According to 14 CFR Part 107, what is the maximum altitude you are permitted to fly your sUAS?

1,600 feet AGL (Correct answer)
1,200 feet AGL
400 feet AGL
500 feet above the tower

Correct answer: 1,600 feet AGL

Part 107 allows a remote pilot to operate a small UAS up to 400 feet above a structure, provided the aircraft remains within a 400-foot radius of that structure. In this scenario, the maximum altitude would be the tower's height (1,200 feet) plus 400 feet, totaling 1,600 feet AGL.

Question 30: What is the minimum flight visibility required for sUAS operations, as observed from the location of the control station?

1 statute mile
3 statute miles (Correct answer)
5 statute miles
There is no minimum visibility requirement if a visual observer is used.

Correct answer: 3 statute miles

According to 14 CFR Part 107.51, the minimum flight visibility required must be no less than 3 statute miles as observed from the location of the ground control station. This requirement ensures the remote pilot can maintain visual line of sight and see and avoid other aircraft.

Question 31: An sUAS operation results in an accident where a ground-based antenna, valued at $800, is destroyed. The sUAS itself was also destroyed. According to 14 CFR Part 107, within how many days must the remote pilot in command file an accident report with the FAA?

Within 10 calendar days. (Correct answer)
Within 7 business days.
Within 24 hours.
No report is required as the sUAS value is excluded.

Correct answer: Within 10 calendar days.

According to 14 CFR § 107.9, a remote pilot must report an accident to the FAA within 10 calendar days if it results in property damage (other than to the sUAS itself) with a fair market value exceeding $500. Since the antenna's value is $800, a report is mandatory within the 10-day timeframe.

Question 32: Which document must be available to the remote pilot during the operation of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS)?

Pilot's logbook
UAS owner's manual
Flight plan
UAS registration certificate (Correct answer)

Correct answer: UAS registration certificate

The FAA requires that the UAS registration certificate be readily available to the remote pilot in command during all unmanned aircraft system operations. This document serves as official proof that the drone is legally registered with the FAA. Having it on hand ensures compliance with federal regulations and facilitates identification if required.

Question 33: When converting a true course to a magnetic course, a pilot in an area with 10° East magnetic variation should:

No adjustment is needed; GPS uses magnetic north
Multiply the true course by the variation factor
Subtract 10° from the true course (Correct answer)
Add 10° to the true course

Correct answer: Subtract 10° from the true course

With East variation, subtract the variation from the true course to obtain the magnetic course (East is least — subtract; West is best — add).

Question 34: What is a key component of the FAA's LAANC (Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability) system?

Provides real-time weather updates for UAS operations
Monitors UAS flight paths for safety compliance
Allows UAS operators to obtain near real-time airspace authorizations (Correct answer)
Offers pilot certification training for UAS operators

Correct answer: Allows UAS operators to obtain near real-time airspace authorizations

LAANC (Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability) is a key FAA system that streamlines the process for UAS operators to obtain airspace authorizations. It allows commercial drone pilots to receive near real-time approvals for operations in controlled airspace at altitudes below 400 feet. This capability significantly enhances operational efficiency and compliance for drone pilots.

Question 35: On a VFR sectional chart, what do isogonic lines represent?

Lines connecting airports at the same elevation
Lines connecting points of equal barometric pressure
Lines connecting points of equal magnetic variation (Correct answer)
Lines connecting points with identical wind speeds

Correct answer: Lines connecting points of equal magnetic variation

Isogonic lines on sectional charts connect points of equal magnetic variation (declination), helping pilots convert between true and magnetic headings.

Question 36: Which of the following automated weather systems is generally more sophisticated, providing information on the type and intensity of precipitation, and is a joint effort by the NWS, FAA, and DOD?

AWIS (Automated Weather Information Service)
AWOS (Automated Weather Observing System)
ASOS (Automated Surface Observing System) (Correct answer)
ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information Service)

Correct answer: ASOS (Automated Surface Observing System)

The Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) is a more advanced system than the Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS). ASOS is a joint program of the National Weather Service (NWS), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and Department of Defense (DOD). It provides more detailed information, including the type and intensity of precipitation, which AWOS systems may not always report.

Question 37: What is the primary difference between a METAR and a TAF?

A METAR is a forecast for a large geographical area, while a TAF is for a specific airport.
A TAF is issued every 20 minutes, while a METAR is issued only four times a day.
A METAR provides current, observed weather conditions, while a TAF is a forecast of future weather conditions. (Correct answer)
A METAR reports cloud heights in MSL, while a TAF reports them in AGL.

Correct answer: A METAR provides current, observed weather conditions, while a TAF is a forecast of future weather conditions.

The fundamental distinction is that a METAR (Meteorological Aerodrome Report) provides a snapshot of the current weather conditions observed at an airport, typically updated hourly. A TAF (Terminal Aerodrome Forecast), on the other hand, is a forecast predicting weather conditions for the next 24-30 hours for the area around an airport.

Question 38: Which of the following is a mandatory pre-flight action that the Remote Pilot in Command (PIC) must complete before every flight?

Notify the nearest airport of the intended flight path.
Ensure the sUAS is in a condition for safe operation through a pre-flight inspection. (Correct answer)
Check the NOTAMs (Notices to Air Missions) for the operational area.
File a flight plan with the local Flight Service Station.

Correct answer: Ensure the sUAS is in a condition for safe operation through a pre-flight inspection.

14 CFR Part 107 requires the Remote PIC to conduct a pre-flight inspection to ensure the small unmanned aircraft system is in a condition for safe operation. This includes checking all relevant components and systems before each flight. While checking NOTAMs is a best practice and often necessary for situational awareness, the fundamental requirement is the overall assessment for safe operation.

Question 39: In aviation radio communications, what is the primary reason for using the phonetic alphabet (e.g., "Alpha, Bravo, Charlie")?

To provide a coded language that only certified pilots can understand.
To shorten the length of radio calls and increase efficiency.
To make transmissions sound more professional and standardized.
To ensure clarity and prevent misinterpretation of letters that may sound similar over the radio. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To ensure clarity and prevent misinterpretation of letters that may sound similar over the radio.

The primary purpose of the ICAO phonetic alphabet is to ensure clear and unambiguous communication. [6, 13] Many letters, such as 'B' and 'P', or 'M' and 'N', can sound alike over a noisy or static-filled radio transmission, and using distinct code words (Bravo, Papa, Mike, November) prevents potentially dangerous misunderstandings. [15, 18, 19]

Question 40: A UAS remote pilot notices the aircraft's GPS-based position display shows a location 50 meters from the actual position. What is the most likely cause?

The UAS battery level is affecting GPS receiver performance
Poor satellite geometry (high PDOP) or signal multipath (Correct answer)
The UAS is flying too high for GPS signal acquisition
The FAA has deliberately degraded GPS accuracy in the area

Correct answer: Poor satellite geometry (high PDOP) or signal multipath

Large position errors are most commonly caused by poor satellite geometry (high PDOP) or multipath interference from reflective surfaces near the operating area.

Question 41: What is the term for the point at which the airflow over an unmanned aircraft's wing becomes turbulent and separates from the surface, causing a sudden loss of lift?

Drag coefficient
Critical angle of attack (Correct answer)
Reynolds number
Mach number

Correct answer: Critical angle of attack

The critical angle of attack is the specific point at which the airflow over an unmanned aircraft's wing can no longer remain smooth and attached to the surface. Beyond this angle, the airflow separates and becomes turbulent, leading to a sudden and significant loss of lift, a condition known as a stall. Understanding this is crucial for preventing dangerous flight conditions.

Question 42: A Part 107 operation results in damage to a client's property. Which of the following scenarios requires the remote pilot to report the accident to the FAA?

The sUAS sustains $600 in damage, but there is no other damage or injury.
The cost to repair the damaged property is estimated to be $450.
Damage to a client's satellite dish costs $550 to repair. (Correct answer)
A non-participating person experiences a minor scratch that does not require medical attention.

Correct answer: Damage to a client's satellite dish costs $550 to repair.

An accident report must be filed with the FAA within 10 days if there is serious injury to any person or any loss of consciousness, or if there is damage to any property (other than the sUAS) where the repair cost (including labor and materials) exceeds $500. Damage to the sUAS itself is not considered in this calculation.

Question 43: A remote pilot is operating alone and encounters an unexpected software glitch that causes erratic control inputs. The pilot begins to think, "There's nothing I can do, the drone is going to crash." This mindset is an example of which hazardous attitude?

Macho
Impulsivity
Resignation
Anti-Authority (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Anti-Authority

The hazardous attitude of resignation occurs when a pilot feels powerless and gives up, believing they cannot influence the outcome of a situation. The correct response is to continue actively seeking solutions and flying the aircraft until all options are exhausted.

Question 44: To operate a small unmanned aircraft at night, the remote pilot must ensure the aircraft is equipped with anti-collision lights that are visible for at least:

3 statute miles (Correct answer)
5 nautical miles
10 statute miles
1 statute mile

Correct answer: 3 statute miles

According to 14 CFR § 107.29, for night operations, the small unmanned aircraft must have anti-collision lighting that is visible for at least 3 statute miles. The rule also specifies the lights should have a flash rate sufficient to avoid a collision.

Question 45: While conducting pre-flight planning, you hear on the local airport's automated broadcast that the visibility is 2 statute miles and the cloud ceiling is 700 feet. What operational limitation does this impose on an sUAS flight under Part 107?

The flight is permissible as long as the sUAS remains below 400 feet AGL.
The flight is prohibited due to visibility being less than the required 3 statute miles. (Correct answer)
The flight is prohibited because minimum visibility is 5 statute miles.
The flight is permissible, but the drone must stay at least 2,000 feet horizontally from clouds.

Correct answer: The flight is prohibited due to visibility being less than the required 3 statute miles.

Part 107 requires a minimum flight visibility of 3 statute miles from the control station. Since the reported visibility is only 2 statute miles, the flight cannot legally be conducted without a waiver. Additionally, the drone must remain 500 feet below clouds; with a 700-foot ceiling, the maximum altitude would be 200 feet AGL, but the visibility requirement makes the flight illegal regardless.

Question 46: What does WAAS stand for in the context of GPS navigation?

Wireless Aerial Azimuth System
Wide Area Augmentation System (Correct answer)
Wide Angle Altimeter Standard
Waypoint Accuracy Automation System

Correct answer: Wide Area Augmentation System

WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) is an FAA satellite-based augmentation system that improves GPS accuracy for aviation use to approximately 1–3 meters.

Question 47: In the context of UAS GPS navigation, what does 'autonomous loiter' or 'position hold' mode depend upon?

Continuous GPS position data combined with IMU sensor fusion (Correct answer)
A stable barometric pressure reading to maintain altitude only
Operator manual input on the remote controller at all times
Visual tracking using the UAS's onboard camera

Correct answer: Continuous GPS position data combined with IMU sensor fusion

Position hold combines GPS position data with inertial measurement unit (IMU) data through sensor fusion to actively counteract wind and maintain a fixed geographic position.

Question 48: On a VFR sectional chart, what does an airport symbol depicted in magenta indicate?

The airport has a runway longer than 8,069 feet.
The airport has a control tower.
The airport is restricted to military use only.
The airport does not have a control tower. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The airport does not have a control tower.

On sectional charts, the color of the airport symbol provides key information. Blue airport symbols indicate that the airport has an operating control tower. Magenta symbols indicate a non-towered airport, where pilots coordinate traffic amongst themselves on a common frequency.

Question 49: What minimum number of GPS satellites must a receiver have line-of-sight to in order to calculate a three-dimensional position fix?

3 satellites
6 satellites
2 satellites
4 satellites (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 4 satellites

A GPS receiver needs signals from at least 4 satellites to calculate latitude, longitude, altitude, and time simultaneously for a 3D position fix.

Question 50: What U.S. regulatory body is responsible for overseeing the operation of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS)?

National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
Department of Transportation (DOT)
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (Correct answer)
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

Correct answer: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the U.S. regulatory body responsible for overseeing all aspects of civil aviation, including unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). The FAA establishes and enforces the rules, regulations, and certification requirements for UAS operations. Their primary goal is to ensure the safety and integration of drones into the national airspace.

Question 51: Which of the following is a requirement for obtaining a remote pilot certificate under Part 107?

Passing an initial aeronautical knowledge test (Correct answer)
Holding a private pilot license
Minimum age of 18 years
Completing a flight training program

Correct answer: Passing an initial aeronautical knowledge test

A fundamental requirement for obtaining a remote pilot certificate under FAA Part 107 is successfully passing an initial aeronautical knowledge test. This comprehensive exam assesses an applicant's understanding of critical topics such as airspace regulations, weather, loading and performance, and emergency procedures. Demonstrating this knowledge is essential for safe and compliant UAS operations.

Question 52: A remote pilot, feeling pressured to complete a job, decides to fly a mission despite the sUAS battery showing signs of degradation. The pilot thinks, "Accidents happen to other people, I'm experienced enough to handle this." Which hazardous attitude is being displayed?

Invulnerability (Correct answer)
Anti-Authority
Resignation
Macho

Correct answer: Invulnerability

The attitude of invulnerability is characterized by the belief that accidents won't happen to you. This mindset can lead pilots to take unnecessary risks, such as flying with questionable equipment, because they don't believe they will face negative consequences.

Question 53: What is the maximum allowable altitude for operating a UAS under Part 107 regulations without a waiver?

200 feet above ground level
500 feet above ground level
300 feet above ground level
400 feet above ground level (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 400 feet above ground level

Under FAA Part 107 regulations, which govern commercial small UAS operations, the maximum allowable altitude for operating a drone without a specific waiver is 400 feet above ground level (AGL). This altitude restriction is a critical safety measure designed to maintain separation between unmanned aircraft and manned aviation, ensuring safe airspace use.

Question 54: Which of the following is a mandatory requirement for all sUAS operations conducted under Part 107, regardless of the aircraft's weight?

The operation must be conducted in Class G airspace.
The remote pilot must hold a Part 61 pilot certificate.
The sUAS must weigh less than 0.55 pounds.
The sUAS must be registered with the FAA. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The sUAS must be registered with the FAA.

Under Part 107, all unmanned aircraft must be registered with the FAA, regardless of their weight. The 0.55-pound registration threshold only applies to recreational flyers operating under the Exception for Limited Recreational Operations.

Question 55: A remote pilot wants to use First-Person View (FPV) goggles to operate their sUAS for a commercial project. What is required to conduct this operation legally under Part 107?

A visual observer (VO) must be used to maintain visual line-of-sight with the aircraft. (Correct answer)
The FPV system must have a resolution of at least 1080p.
The operation must take place in a sparsely populated area.
The pilot must have a special FPV endorsement on their remote pilot certificate.

Correct answer: A visual observer (VO) must be used to maintain visual line-of-sight with the aircraft.

Part 107 requires the remote pilot in command or a designated visual observer to maintain unaided visual line-of-sight (VLOS) with the sUAS at all times. Since FPV goggles prevent the operator from maintaining direct VLOS, a separate visual observer is required to fulfill this role.

Question 56: How does understanding the airspace classification impact UAS mission planning?

Affects the choice of flight controller
Determines the type of camera to be used
Dictates the legal requirements and restrictions (Correct answer)
Impacts the communication frequency settings

Correct answer: Dictates the legal requirements and restrictions

Understanding airspace classification is crucial for UAS mission planning because each class (e.g., Class B, C, D, E, G) dictates specific legal requirements and operational restrictions. This knowledge determines whether authorization is needed, what altitude limits apply, and what communication protocols must be followed. Proper airspace awareness ensures regulatory compliance and safe flight operations.

Question 57: When a UAS operating in GPS-assisted flight mode suddenly loses its GPS signal, what is the most likely immediate response of a standard autopilot system?

The UAS will hover indefinitely without any movement
The UAS will immediately return to home automatically
The UAS will switch to attitude/manual mode and may drift with wind (Correct answer)
The UAS will land autonomously at its current location

Correct answer: The UAS will switch to attitude/manual mode and may drift with wind

Most UAS autopilots transition to attitude (stabilized) mode when GPS is lost, meaning the aircraft can maintain attitude but will drift with wind since there is no position hold.

Question 58: You are planning to operate your sUAS in an area with no depicted airspace class on the sectional chart. This area is not near any airports. What class of airspace should you assume it is from the surface up to the overlying controlled airspace?

Class G (Correct answer)
Class D
Class E starting at the surface
Class B

Correct answer: Class G

In areas where no other airspace class is depicted on a sectional chart, the airspace is considered Class G (uncontrolled) from the surface up to the floor of the overlying controlled airspace, which is typically Class E at either 700 or 1,200 feet AGL.

Question 59: During a coordinated 60-degree banked turn, the load factor on a UAS would be approximately:

3 Gs
1 G
2 Gs (Correct answer)
1.5 Gs

Correct answer: 2 Gs

In a coordinated, level turn, the load factor increases with the angle of bank. The load factor is the ratio of the total lift produced to the aircraft's weight. In a 60-degree bank, the lift required to maintain altitude is twice the weight of the aircraft, resulting in a load factor of 2 Gs.

Question 60: During a complex sUAS mapping mission, the Remote Pilot in Command (RPIC) is focused on the data display while the Visual Observer (VO) reports increasing wind speeds and darkening skies from the west. What is the most effective application of Crew Resource Management (CRM) in this situation?

The RPIC should trust the aircraft's automated weather avoidance features and instruct the VO to only report direct threats like other aircraft.
The RPIC should immediately land the aircraft without discussion to avoid any potential weather risk.
The RPIC should tell the VO to monitor the weather but continue the mission to meet the client's deadline.
The RPIC should acknowledge the VO's report, pause the mapping task to personally assess the changing weather, and discuss a revised plan, such as returning to base. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The RPIC should acknowledge the VO's report, pause the mapping task to personally assess the changing weather, and discuss a revised plan, such as returning to base.

Effective CRM involves utilizing all available resources, including crew members. The RPIC must actively listen to the VO, integrate their observations with other data, and collaboratively decide on the safest course of action, prioritizing safety over mission completion.

FAA Unmanned Aircraft General (UAG) Knowledge Test

The FAA UAG knowledge test is required to obtain a Remote Pilot Certificate for commercial small UAS (drone) operations under 14 CFR Part 107. It covers regulations, airspace classification, weather, flight operations, and UAS loading and performance.

Questions

120 min

Time Limit

70%

To Pass

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