Practice Test Flashcards

1. The cuckoos are comprised of over 120 species. They are generally divided into2. two groups: the parasitic and nonparasitic. The parasitic cuckoos replace3. the neighbor's eggs with their own and let the host hatch the eggs which are>/p>4. almost identical in size and color to the host's eggs. The non-parasatic,5. however, lay the eggs on their own nests and rear their own offspring. The6. cuckoos that are arboreal are insectivorous, but the ones that lack climbing7. flexibility are mainly carnivorous and feast on mice, snakes, birds and8. somewhat small ground animals. Their downcurved beak is an advantage in9. killing the prey. The yellow-billed cuckoo and the black-billed cuckoo are the10. most common species in North America. The cuckoos are mostly light brown11. above and dull gray below, with the exception of the tropical species that are12. brilliantly colored. A long tail is a common trait among the13. cuckoos.According to the passage, the North American cuckoos are

Answer: brown above and drab gray below

The passage states in lines 10-11, "The cuckoos are mostly light brown above and dull gray below, with the exception of the tropical species that are brilliantly colored." Since North American cuckoos are mentioned as common species (lines 9-10) and are not specified as tropical, they fall under the general description of being light brown above and dull gray below.

1. The cuckoos are comprised of over 120 species. They are generally divided into2. two groups: the parasitic and nonparasitic. The parasitic cuckoos replace3. the neighbor's eggs with their own and let the host hatch the eggs which are>/p>4. almost identical in size and color to the host's eggs. The non-parasatic,5. however, lay the eggs on their own nests and rear their own offspring. The6. cuckoos that are arboreal are insectivorous, but the ones that lack climbing7. flexibility are mainly carnivorous and feast on mice, snakes, birds and8. somewhat small ground animals. Their downcurved beak is an advantage in9. killing the prey. The yellow-billed cuckoo and the black-billed cuckoo are the10. most common species in North America. The cuckoos are mostly light brown11. above and dull gray below, with the exception of the tropical species that are12. brilliantly colored. A long tail is a common trait among the13. cuckoos.The word "trait" in line 12 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Answer: Sign

In the context of the passage, "A long tail is a common trait among the cuckoos" (lines 12-13) means that a long tail is a characteristic or distinguishing feature of cuckoos. Among the given options, "sign" is the closest synonym, as a trait serves as an identifying mark or indicator of a species. "Model," "drawback," and "fallacy" do not fit the meaning of a distinguishing characteristic.

1. Old World Monkeys and New World Monkeys have dissimilar characteristics.2. Old World Monkeys, known as "cercopithecoids," have confined nostrils; on3. the contrary, New World Monkeys possess wide-apart nostrils. While some4. Old World Monkeys are arboreal, others live primarily on the ground. New5. World Monkeys are reside in the trees. In contrast to the prehensile tail and6. thin body of New World Monkeys, Old World Monkeys possess a large body7. with a short tail.8. Full opposability, meaning the thumb is placed away from the remaining9. digits, is a characteristics of Old World Monkeys. Opposability facilitates the10. grasping motion and the handling of food and objects. Partial oppasability,11. common among the New World Monkeys, decreases the hand manipulation12. ability. Another feature nonexistent in New World Monkeys is the pad that13. covers the buttocks and eliminates discomfort caused by sitting for long14. stretches of time. New World monkeys inhabit tropical areas in Central and15. South America. Old World Monkeys dwell in Africa and Asia.16. Mandrillus Sphinx is the scientific name for mandrill, an Old World Monkey17. that is found in west Africa. It has brilliant coloring; its cheeks are bright blue18. and ribbed, its nose is scarlet red, and it has a doglike muzzle. The male19. mandrill is usualyy large and weighs between 90 and 120 lb (40-54 Kg). The 20. female, on the other hand, is much smaller and weighs about half as much as a21. male. Their diet is chiefly grass, fruit, and insects. Not only are they strong22. warriors, but they live in groups with as small as a dozen and as large as a23. hundred members. It is not unusual to see over 100 mandrills roaming24. around togetherWhat is an average size of a group of mandrills?

Answer: About 100

The passage states in lines 22-23, "Not only are they strong warriors, but they live in groups with as small as a dozen and as large as a hundred members." It further emphasizes, "It is not unusual to see over 100 mandrills roaming around together" (lines 23-24). This indicates that while groups can vary, a size around 100 is common and not unusual, suggesting it's a typical large group size.

1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion6. of a product.7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users15. or frequent users.16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.What is the main topic of the passage?

Answer: Major factors in market segmentation

The passage introduces market segmentation and then dedicates a significant portion (lines 7-15) to detailing "Four essential factors" for an effective strategy: demographic, psychographic, geographical, and usage pattern characteristics. The final paragraph further elaborates on macrosegmentation and microsegmentation, which are distinct areas within market segmentation. Therefore, the primary focus is on the various factors and components that define market segmentation.

1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion6. of a product.7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users15. or frequent users.16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.What reason does the author give for the failure of mass marketing?

Answer: Mass marketing efforts were not aimed at the needs of a particular group.

The passage states in lines 1-3, "Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the needs of a target market." This directly indicates that mass marketing failed because it couldn't effectively address the specific needs of distinct consumer groups in a diverse, saturated market.

1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion6. of a product.7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users15. or frequent users.16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.According to the passage, an effective strategy for market segmentation

Answer: includes four important criteria

The passage explicitly states in lines 7-8, "Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to be effective." It then proceeds to list and describe these four factors: demographic characteristics, psychographics, geographical region segmentation, and usage pattern segmentation (lines 8-15). This directly supports that an effective strategy incorporates these four criteria.

1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion6. of a product.7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users15. or frequent users.16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.In lines 9-10, the phrase "ethnic background" is LEAST likely to be associated with

Answer: educational status

"Ethnic background" refers to a person's cultural heritage, nationality, race, or tribal affiliation, which often encompasses shared traditions, language, and religious practices. While educational opportunities can be influenced by ethnic background, educational status itself is a measure of academic achievement or schooling level, not an inherent component of one's ethnicity. Therefore, racial orientation, cultural experiences, and religious inclination are directly linked to ethnic background, whereas educational status is less directly associated.

1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion6. of a product.7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users15. or frequent users.16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.The author implies that social and cultural patterns are the criteria for

Answer: Demographic segmentation

The passage explicitly states that "demographic characteristics" include "ethnic background, marital status, and life cycle." These factors are direct indicators of social and cultural patterns within a consumer group. Therefore, the author implies that demographic segmentation considers these aspects when breaking up consumers.

1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion6. of a product.7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users15. or frequent users.16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.Which of the following statements is true of "Psychographics"?

Answer: It is concerned with the mood of the consumers.

The passage states that "Psychographics takes into account the consumers' behavior pattern." While "mood" is not explicitly mentioned, behavior patterns are deeply influenced by psychological states, attitudes, values, and emotions, which are encompassed by psychographics. Therefore, understanding consumer mood is a component of analyzing their overall behavior patterns.

What is Deduce?

Answer: to reason; infer; deduct

To "deduce" means to arrive at a conclusion or fact by reasoning; to infer from general principles or known facts. The option "to reason; infer; deduct" accurately captures this meaning, emphasizing the logical process of drawing conclusions from available information.

What is Unite?

Answer: to get together; join

To "unite" means to come or bring together for a common purpose or action, or to form a single entity. The phrase "to get together; join" perfectly describes this act of combining or forming a cohesive group or whole from separate parts.

What is Agitate?

Answer: to stimulate; provoke

To "agitate" means to make someone troubled or nervous, or to stir up public concern about an issue. The option "to stimulate; provoke" accurately reflects the sense of stirring up or causing a reaction, whether emotional, social, or physical.

What is auction?

Answer: sale

An "auction" is a public sale in which goods or property are sold to the highest bidder. Therefore, the most direct and encompassing definition among the choices is "sale," as an auction is a specific method of selling items to interested buyers.

What is audible?

Answer: possible to hear; loud

The word "audible" means capable of being heard. The option "possible to hear; loud" directly captures this meaning, indicating that something is at a volume or clarity that allows it to be perceived by the ear.

What is Annuity?

Answer: regular payment

An "annuity" is a fixed sum of money paid to someone each year, typically for the rest of their life or for a specified period. Therefore, "regular payment" is the most accurate and concise definition, highlighting the consistent nature of the financial disbursement.

What is Endorse?

Answer: support; sanction

To "endorse" means to give one's public approval or support to someone or something. The option "support; sanction" perfectly encapsulates this meaning, referring to the act of officially approving or backing an idea, person, or product.

What is Jettison?

Answer: to discard; throw away

To "jettison" means to throw or drop something from an aircraft or ship, typically to lighten the load. More broadly, it means to abandon or discard something that is unwanted or burdensome. The option "to discard; throw away" accurately reflects this core meaning of getting rid of something.

What is crave?

Answer: to desire

To "crave" means to feel a powerful desire for something. The option "to desire" directly and accurately defines this strong longing or yearning for something, often indicating an intense need or want.