TOEFL Grammar and Sentence Structure 3 Flashcards
6 cards from real TOEFL practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 TOEFL Grammar and Sentence Structure 3 flashcards as text
Which sentence demonstrates correct subject-verb agreement with a complex subject?
Answer: The committee, along with its advisors, has reached a decision.
When a singular subject is followed by a phrase beginning with "along with," "as well as," or "together with," the verb agrees with the singular subject, not the phrase. "The committee" is singular, so the correct verb is "has."
Identify the sentence with a dangling modifier:
Answer: Running through the park, the sound of birds filled the air.
A dangling modifier occurs when the phrase does not logically modify the subject of the main clause. In Option B, "Running through the park" implies the sound was running, which is illogical. The children were running, not the sound.
Which sentence correctly uses a restrictive relative clause?
Answer: The professor who published a controversial study was dismissed.
A restrictive relative clause (no commas) is essential to identify which specific person or thing is being discussed. Option B identifies which professor (the one who published a controversial study) without commas, making it restrictive. "That" is used for restrictive clauses with things, not people.
Choose the sentence that correctly uses parallel structure:
Answer: She enjoys hiking, swimming, and reading novels.
Parallel structure requires that elements in a series use the same grammatical form. In Option C, all three activities use the gerund form (-ing): hiking, swimming, reading. The other options mix gerunds and infinitives, violating parallelism.
Which sentence correctly uses the past perfect tense?
Answer: By the time the results arrived, the team had already celebrated.
The past perfect tense ("had + past participle") is used to show that one past action was completed before another past action. "Had already celebrated" correctly shows that the celebration was completed before the results arrived.
Select the sentence with correct use of a conditional structure:
Answer: If scientists were to discover a cure, many lives would be saved.
The hypothetical conditional uses "were to + base verb" in the if-clause and "would + base verb" in the result clause to express unlikely or theoretical scenarios. Options A and B mix tenses incorrectly; Option D uses an incorrect verb form.