Practice Test Flashcards

The porcupine is noted for curving its back when attacked and sticking out sharp quills in every directions.

Answer: directions

The error lies in the phrase "in every directions." The word "every" must be followed by a singular noun, so it should be "in every direction." Alternatively, if a plural noun is intended, the correct phrase would be "in all directions."

Due to its relatively small size and inextricable orbit, some scientists believe that Pluto not actually a planet.

Answer: Pluto not

The phrase "Pluto not actually a planet" is grammatically incomplete because it lacks a main verb. To form a complete sentence, a form of the verb "to be" is required, making the correct phrasing "Pluto is not actually a planet."

Barbiturates' prolonged use can increase the user's tolerance for a much larger doses of these drugs.

Answer: doses

The error is in the phrase "a much larger doses." The indefinite article "a" indicates a singular noun, but "doses" is plural. It should either be "a much larger dose" (singular) or "much larger doses" (plural, without the singular article).

A state law allows companies incorporating in Delaware even though they might handle the bulk of the business activities outside the state.

Answer: incorporating

The verb "allows" typically takes an infinitive phrase (to + base verb) to express permission or enablement. Therefore, "allows companies incorporating" should be corrected to "allows companies to incorporate" to properly convey that the law permits companies to perform the action of incorporating.

Earl Hines, an American jazz pianist and band leader, improvisation single trumpet-style notes with his right hand.

Answer: improvisation

The word "improvisation" is a noun, but the sentence requires a verb to describe what Earl Hines *did*. The sentence structure needs a past tense verb to match the historical context of his actions, so "improvised" is the correct form.

Essential source of vanadium and uranium, carnotite is found in large quantities in the Colorado Plateau area.

Answer: Essential source

The phrase "Essential source" is missing an indefinite article. When a singular count noun like "source" is used to introduce a characteristic or role, it typically requires an article, such as "An essential source" or "The essential source."

In drawing, the emphasize is on form or shape, while in painting the concentration is on color and mass

Answer: emphasize

The word "emphasize" is a verb, but the sentence requires a noun to function as the subject of the clause "the emphasize is on form or shape." The correct noun form is "emphasis," meaning special importance or attention given to something.

The edible parts of broccoli are their succulent stems and dense clusters of tiny dark green flowers.

Answer: their

The possessive pronoun "their" refers to "the edible parts," which is plural. However, the sentence is describing the parts *of broccoli*, which is a singular noun. Therefore, the possessive pronoun should be "its" to correctly refer to "broccoli."

Venus, covered with a thick, cloudy atmosphere, is only second to the Moon in brightness.

Answer: only second

The adverb "only" should be placed directly before the word or phrase it modifies to clarify its meaning. In this sentence, "only" modifies "second," meaning Venus is *exclusively* second in brightness. Therefore, the correct phrasing is "second only to the Moon."

1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion6. of a product.7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users15. or frequent users.16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.The author presents the term "Usage pattern segmentation" in line 13 with

Answer: an explanation followed by an example

In lines 13-15, the author first explains that "Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the amount of the product sold to all potential buyers." Immediately following this explanation, the phrase "for instance, first-time users or frequent users" provides concrete examples to illustrate the concept. This structure clearly demonstrates an explanation followed by examples.

1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion6. of a product.7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users15. or frequent users.16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.The word "potential" in line 14 could best be replaced by which of the following?

Answer: Possible

In the context of "potential buyers," the word "potential" refers to individuals who have the capacity or possibility of becoming buyers in the future. Therefore, "possible" is the best replacement as it accurately conveys the meaning of something that could happen or exist.

1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion6. of a product.7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users15. or frequent users.16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.According to the passage, what is "macrosegmentation" concerned with?

Answer: The specific sectors of a market segment

According to lines 17-19 of the passage, "Macrosegmentation includes the individual areas of a market segment." This directly states that macrosegmentation is concerned with the specific, distinct sectors or components that make up a broader market segment, such as usage patterns or customer types.

1. Since markets are saturated diverse merchandise which give the2. consumer unprecedented choices, mass marketing falls short of reaching the3. needs of a target market. As a result, after 1960, market segmentation addressed4. a strategy which directs all the marketing promotion to identify the needs of a5. certain group of consumer and evaluates the future potentials for expansion6. of a product.7. Four essential factors must be considered for market segmentation strategy to8. be effective. Market segmentation breaks up consumers of a product on the9. basis of demographic characteristics, which include income, age, ethnic,10. background, marital status, and life cycle. Psychographics takes into account the11. consumers' behavior pattern. Geographical region segmentation is concerned12. with the location of the product, the size of the region, the population density, and13. the climate characteristics. Usage pattern segmentation concentrates on the14. amount of the product sold to all potential buyers, for instance, first-time users15. or frequent users.16. Market segmentation in business consist of two distinct areas:17. macrosegmentation and microsegmentation. Macrosegmentation includes the18. individual areas of a market segment, for instance, usage pattern and costumer19. type. Microsegemntation, however, is involved in the decision-making areas20. of microsegmentation and can exactly interpret the target markets.The word "interpret" in line 20 could best be replaced by which of the following?

Answer: Define

In the context of "microsegmentation... can exactly interpret the target markets," the word "interpret" means to understand and explain the characteristics or meaning of something with precision. "Define" best captures this sense, as microsegmentation aims to precisely characterize and delineate the specific features of target markets for strategic decision-making.

1. In the late 1920's, after examining the photographs of the structural appearance2. of galaxies, Edwin P. Hubble, the American astronomer, classified the galaxies3. into three distinct groups. These galaxies are comprised of stars that have4. diverse structure, unequal degree of brightness, and definitely varied sizes5. One group spirals, is highly luminous and has either a normal or a barred6. structure. Normal spirals have two arms which radiate from the center of the7. galaxy to the exterior edges. The two contrasting arms are enclosed in a disk8. structure made of stars, however, in the barred structure the arms radiate9. from the top and the bottom of a bright bar that goes through the nucleus of the10. galaxy. Barred spirals account for nearly 25 percent of all spirals. Over two-11. thirds of eminent, highly luminous galaxies are Spirals. The Milky Way and12. The Andromeda are examples of spiral galaxies. Another group referred to as13. elliptical galaxies exhibits soft, but dim brightness and has two subgroups: The14. giant and the dwarf. While the giant elliptical galaxies have countless large15. luminous stars, the dwarf ellipticals have a smaller number of less luminous16. stars. Together they make up less than one-third of the galaxies. The last group17. is the irregularly-shaped galaxies, which are non-symmetric, and their pattern is18. rather chaotic. They account for 3% of the galaxies and their luminosity is19. quite grainy. The Magellanic Cloud is an example of an irregularly shaped-galaxy.Which of the following methods of development is used in the passage?

Answer: Classification

The passage primarily uses the method of classification by describing Edwin P. Hubble's categorization of galaxies into "three distinct groups": spirals, elliptical, and irregularly-shaped. The author then proceeds to detail the specific characteristics and subgroups of each category, clearly organizing information by grouping similar items.

1. Dorothy Arzner, born on January 3, 1990, in San Francisco, is one of2. the most significant early movie directors. She was the only woman director in3. Hollywood during the 1930's and 1940"s. The theme of her movies centered4. mostly around women's issues prevalent at the time. She strongly favored an5. unstereotyped role of women. For instance, in Christopher Strong produced,6. in 1933, she portrayed Amy Johnson, who was a pilot. She not only resented7. seeing women as amorists and followers, but wanted them to have dynamic8. aspirations and powerful characteristics. Her most productive years i feature9. films (1927-1942) have intrigued a great number of feminist critics.10. She started her directing career at the bottom of the ladder. In order to become11. acquainted with all the areas of the movie industry, she held her first job as12. script typist and edited movies. Her editing talent in the film Blood and Sand13. featuring Rudolph Valentino caught James Cruze's attention. Later, she was14. promoted to a screenplay writer. Her directing career at Paramount did not15. start until after her work on the film The Covered Wagon (1923) by James16. Cruze.17. After leaving Paramount, from 1930 to 1943, she directed movies18. independently. Some well-known actresses she worked with are Katherine19. Hepburn and Joan Crawford. One of her best films Dance, Girl, Dance (1940)20. exemplifies the characteristics of fame and possibilities of exploitation of21. sexual representations. Her innovative methods in film-splicing and editing22. for silent movies won her acclaim. Because of failing health and disinterest23. in the shallow world of Hollywood, she retired. Her successful career as a24. director includes 17 movies, most of which were box-office hits.Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?

Answer: Arzner's most productive years and her popular movies

The passage provides a comprehensive overview of Dorothy Arzner's career, detailing her early jobs, her rise to directing, her focus on women's issues, and her most productive years, including specific films and their box-office success. While other options touch on specific aspects, option D best encapsulates the broad scope of the text, which covers her significant contributions and popular works throughout her career.

1. Dorothy Arzner, born on January 3, 1990, in San Francisco, is one of2. the most significant early movie directors. She was the only woman director in3. Hollywood during the 1930's and 1940"s. The theme of her movies centered4. mostly around women's issues prevalent at the time. She strongly favored an5. unstereotyped role of women. For instance, in Christopher Strong produced,6. in 1933, she portrayed Amy Johnson, who was a pilot. She not only resented7. seeing women as amorists and followers, but wanted them to have dynamic8. aspirations and powerful characteristics. Her most productive years i feature9. films (1927-1942) have intrigued a great number of feminist critics.10. She started her directing career at the bottom of the ladder. In order to become11. acquainted with all the areas of the movie industry, she held her first job as12. script typist and edited movies. Her editing talent in the film Blood and Sand13. featuring Rudolph Valentino caught James Cruze's attention. Later, she was14. promoted to a screenplay writer. Her directing career at Paramount did not15. start until after her work on the film The Covered Wagon (1923) by James16. Cruze.17. After leaving Paramount, from 1930 to 1943, she directed movies18. independently. Some well-known actresses she worked with are Katherine19. Hepburn and Joan Crawford. One of her best films Dance, Girl, Dance (1940)20. exemplifies the characteristics of fame and possibilities of exploitation of21. sexual representations. Her innovative methods in film-splicing and editing22. for silent movies won her acclaim. Because of failing health and disinterest23. in the shallow world of Hollywood, she retired. Her successful career as a24. director includes 17 movies, most of which were box-office hits.The word "prevalent" in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Answer: Common

In the context of 'women's issues prevalent at the time,' the word 'prevalent' describes issues that were widespread, common, or generally existing during that period. If an issue is prevalent, it means it is frequently encountered or widely accepted. Therefore, 'common' is the closest synonym, indicating that these issues were widely recognized and discussed.

1. Dorothy Arzner, born on January 3, 1990, in San Francisco, is one of2. the most significant early movie directors. She was the only woman director in3. Hollywood during the 1930's and 1940"s. The theme of her movies centered4. mostly around women's issues prevalent at the time. She strongly favored an5. unstereotyped role of women. For instance, in Christopher Strong produced,6. in 1933, she portrayed Amy Johnson, who was a pilot. She not only resented7. seeing women as amorists and followers, but wanted them to have dynamic8. aspirations and powerful characteristics. Her most productive years i feature9. films (1927-1942) have intrigued a great number of feminist critics.10. She started her directing career at the bottom of the ladder. In order to become11. acquainted with all the areas of the movie industry, she held her first job as12. script typist and edited movies. Her editing talent in the film Blood and Sand13. featuring Rudolph Valentino caught James Cruze's attention. Later, she was14. promoted to a screenplay writer. Her directing career at Paramount did not15. start until after her work on the film The Covered Wagon (1923) by James16. Cruze.17. After leaving Paramount, from 1930 to 1943, she directed movies18. independently. Some well-known actresses she worked with are Katherine19. Hepburn and Joan Crawford. One of her best films Dance, Girl, Dance (1940)20. exemplifies the characteristics of fame and possibilities of exploitation of21. sexual representations. Her innovative methods in film-splicing and editing22. for silent movies won her acclaim. Because of failing health and disinterest23. in the shallow world of Hollywood, she retired. Her successful career as a24. director includes 17 movies, most of which were box-office hits.What does the statement "She strongly favored an unstereotyped role for women" in lines 4-5 mean?

Answer: She advocated a new social position for women.

The statement 'She strongly favored an unstereotyped role of women' means that Arzner advocated for women to move beyond traditional, limited, or clichéd societal expectations. The subsequent sentences elaborate on this, stating she resented women being seen as 'amorists and followers' and instead wanted them to have 'dynamic aspirations and powerful characteristics.' This clearly indicates her desire for a different, more empowered social position for women.

1. Dorothy Arzner, born on January 3, 1990, in San Francisco, is one of2. the most significant early movie directors. She was the only woman director in3. Hollywood during the 1930's and 1940"s. The theme of her movies centered4. mostly around women's issues prevalent at the time. She strongly favored an5. unstereotyped role of women. For instance, in Christopher Strong produced,6. in 1933, she portrayed Amy Johnson, who was a pilot. She not only resented7. seeing women as amorists and followers, but wanted them to have dynamic8. aspirations and powerful characteristics. Her most productive years i feature9. films (1927-1942) have intrigued a great number of feminist critics.10. She started her directing career at the bottom of the ladder. In order to become11. acquainted with all the areas of the movie industry, she held her first job as12. script typist and edited movies. Her editing talent in the film Blood and Sand13. featuring Rudolph Valentino caught James Cruze's attention. Later, she was14. promoted to a screenplay writer. Her directing career at Paramount did not15. start until after her work on the film The Covered Wagon (1923) by James16. Cruze.17. After leaving Paramount, from 1930 to 1943, she directed movies18. independently. Some well-known actresses she worked with are Katherine19. Hepburn and Joan Crawford. One of her best films Dance, Girl, Dance (1940)20. exemplifies the characteristics of fame and possibilities of exploitation of21. sexual representations. Her innovative methods in film-splicing and editing22. for silent movies won her acclaim. Because of failing health and disinterest23. in the shallow world of Hollywood, she retired. Her successful career as a24. director includes 17 movies, most of which were box-office hits.In lines 8-9, the phrase "feature first have intrigued" could best be replaced by which of the following?

Answer: Motion pictures have caught the attention of

The phrase 'have intrigued a great number of feminist critics' means that Arzner's feature films captured the interest and curiosity of these critics. 'Intrigued' implies a strong sense of fascination or attention. Therefore, 'Motion pictures have caught the attention of' is the best replacement, as 'feature films' are 'motion pictures' and 'caught the attention of' accurately conveys the meaning of 'intrigued.'