TCC Research Methods & Program Evaluation

Question 1

In counseling research, which type of validity refers to the extent to which a study's findings can be generalized to populations and settings beyond the original study?

Accepted Answer

External validity

Answer

Internal validity

Answer

Construct validity

Answer

Content validity

Question 2

A Texas school counselor conducts a needs assessment by surveying students, teachers, and parents about concerns. This type of evaluation is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Needs assessment

Answer

Outcome evaluation

Answer

Process evaluation

Answer

Cost-benefit analysis

Question 3

Which research design provides the strongest evidence of causality between a counseling intervention and client outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Answer

Case study

Answer

Correlational study

Answer

Retrospective survey

Question 4

In the context of the ASCA National Model, what does 'accountability' specifically require school counselors to demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

The impact of their counseling program on student achievement and outcomes through data

Answer

That they have completed the required continuing education hours

Answer

That all students have been seen individually at least once per year

Answer

That the school has adequate counselor-to-student ratios

Question 5

A counselor notes that clients who attend more sessions also show greater symptom reduction. This is an example of which type of correlation?

Accepted Answer

Positive correlation

Answer

Negative correlation

Answer

Zero correlation

Answer

Causative correlation

Question 6

Which ethical principle requires researchers in counseling to ensure that participants understand the nature, risks, and benefits of a study before agreeing to participate?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Autonomy through debriefing