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Clinical Sciences Flashcards

7 cards from real STP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A patient with chronic kidney disease has a GFR of 18 mL/min/1.73m². Which CKD stage does this represent?

    Answer: Stage 4

    CKD Stage 4 is defined by a GFR of 15-29 mL/min/1.73m², indicating severely decreased kidney function and approaching the threshold for renal replacement therapy.

  2. Which immunoglobulin class is the predominant antibody in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis that targets citrullinated peptides?

    Answer: IgG

    Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), including anti-CCP antibodies, are predominantly of the IgG class and are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis.

  3. A 30-year-old male has hemoglobin electrophoresis showing: HbS 80%, HbF 18%, HbA2 2%, HbA absent. Which condition does this indicate?

    Answer: Sickle-beta thalassemia (S/β0)

    HbS 80% with absent HbA and elevated HbF, with normal HbA2 is characteristic of sickle-beta-zero thalassemia, where no HbA is produced due to the absent beta-globin chain.

  4. In the interpretation of a Western blot for HIV confirmation, which bands must be present for a result to be considered positive per CDC criteria?

    Answer: At least one band from gp120, gp41, or p24

    CDC criteria require at least two of the following bands for a positive HIV Western blot: gp160/120, gp41, and p24, but any single band from these key antigens requires additional testing.

  5. A coagulation screen shows: PT normal, APTT prolonged, 1:1 mix corrects the APTT. Which factor deficiency is most likely?

    Answer: Factor VIII deficiency

    Isolated prolonged APTT that corrects on 1:1 mixing indicates a factor deficiency (not inhibitor) in the intrinsic pathway; Factor VIII deficiency (hemophilia A) is the most common cause.

  6. Which specimen container with additive is the correct choice for measuring plasma fibrinogen levels?

    Answer: Sodium citrate (blue top)

    Coagulation tests including fibrinogen require sodium citrate (blue top) tubes, which chelate calcium to prevent clotting while preserving coagulation factor activity.

  7. Troponin T levels in a patient are 52 ng/L at 0 hours and 58 ng/L at 3 hours. Using the ESC 0/3-hour rule-out algorithm, what is the interpretation?

    Answer: Observe — inconclusive result

    For rule-out, the initial hsTnT must be <5 ng/L, or <12 ng/L with delta <3 ng/L; this result does not meet rule-out or rule-in criteria so the patient falls in the observe zone.