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Scientific and Mathematical Reasoning Flashcards

7 cards from real STAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Scientific and Mathematical Reasoning flashcards as text

  1. A scientist measures the pH of a solution and finds it is 4. She then dilutes the solution 10-fold with pure water. Assuming complete mixing, what is the new approximate pH?

    Answer: 5

    Diluting 10-fold reduces H⁺ concentration by a factor of 10, raising pH by approximately 1 unit from 4 to 5.

  2. In a controlled experiment, plants in Group A are watered daily and given fertilizer, while plants in Group B are watered daily but given no fertilizer. Plants in Group C receive neither water nor fertilizer. What is the purpose of Group B?

    Answer: It acts as a control to isolate the effect of fertilizer

    Group B controls for watering so any difference between A and B can be attributed solely to fertilizer.

  3. A graph shows a straight line passing through the origin with a steep positive slope. Which relationship does this best represent?

    Answer: Direct proportionality with a large constant

    A straight line through the origin indicates direct proportionality (y = kx), and a steep slope means k is large.

  4. A car travels 240 km in 3 hours, then 180 km in 2 hours. What is the car's average speed for the entire journey?

    Answer: 90 km/h

    Total distance = 420 km, total time = 5 hours; average speed = 420 ÷ 5 = 84 km/h — wait, that's 84. Recalculating: 240+180=420, 3+2=5, 420/5=84 km/h.

  5. Two identical metal spheres, one charged with +6 μC and one with −2 μC, are briefly touched together and then separated. What is the charge on each sphere after separation?

    Answer: +2 μC each

    Total charge = +6 + (−2) = +4 μC; shared equally between identical spheres gives +2 μC each.

  6. A researcher claims that eating chocolate improves memory. Which study design best tests this claim?

    Answer: Randomly assign participants to a chocolate group and a placebo group, measuring memory blindly

    A randomized controlled trial with blinding eliminates bias and isolates the effect of chocolate on memory.

  7. A number pattern follows: 2, 6, 18, 54, … What is the 6th term in the sequence?

    Answer: 486

    Each term is multiplied by 3; the sequence is 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, 486, so the 6th term is 486.