Policy, Economics & Administration Flashcards
7 cards from real SAF practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Policy, Economics & Administration flashcards as text
The 'all-lands' approach to forest management emphasizes:
Answer: Coordinating management across ownership boundaries to achieve landscape-scale ecological outcomes
The all-lands approach recognizes that ecological processes transcend ownership boundaries and advocates for coordinated management among federal, state, tribal, and private landowners.
The Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act was enacted primarily to:
Answer: Provide stable federal payments to counties replacing declining timber sale receipts
The SRS Act provided predictable annual payments to rural counties with National Forest lands to replace the volatile and declining revenue from federal timber programs.
In benefit-cost analysis for public forestry projects, 'transfer payments' such as government subsidies should be treated as:
Answer: Neither costs nor benefits because they are redistributions within society
Transfer payments redistribute income between groups without creating new value, so they cancel out in social BCA — one party's gain equals another's loss with no net change in social welfare.
Forest certification programs like FSC and SFI primarily promote sustainable private forestry through:
Answer: Market mechanisms such as price premiums or preferential procurement for certified products
Certification programs rely on market-based incentives — consumer preferences and price premiums — rather than regulation to encourage landowners to adopt sustainable practices voluntarily.
The concept of 'additionality' in forest carbon offset projects requires that:
Answer: Credited carbon sequestration would not have occurred without the financial incentive of the carbon program
Additionality means the carbon benefits claimed by an offset project must be above and beyond what would have happened under a business-as-usual scenario without the program.
Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs are most likely to be effective when:
Answer: Services are well-defined and measurable, and identifiable buyers are willing to pay
Effective PES programs require that the ecosystem service be clearly defined and verifiable, and that there are willing buyers whose demand generates sufficient payment to change landowner behavior.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework categorizes forest ecosystem services into which four types?
Answer: Provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment organizes ecosystem services into provisioning (food, water, fiber), regulating (climate, water purification), cultural (recreation, spiritual), and supporting (nutrient cycling, soil formation) services.