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Radiation Biology and Health Effects Flashcards

6 cards from real RSO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Radiation Biology and Health Effects flashcards as text

  1. The ALARA principle in radiation protection stands for:

    Answer: As Low As Reasonably Achievable

    ALARA stands for 'As Low As Reasonably Achievable,' requiring that radiation doses be kept as low as reasonably achievable, taking into account social and economic factors.

  2. Indirect action in radiation biology refers to:

    Answer: Radiation ionizing water to produce free radicals that damage DNA

    Indirect action involves radiation ionizing water molecules in cells to produce hydroxyl radicals and other reactive species that then diffuse to and damage DNA.

  3. Which cell type is among the MOST radiosensitive according to the Law of Bergonié and Tribondeau?

    Answer: Lymphocytes

    Lymphocytes are highly radiosensitive despite being non-dividing; they are an exception to Bergonié and Tribondeau's rule and die via apoptosis at very low doses.

  4. The mean lethal dose (LD50/30) for humans from acute whole-body radiation exposure without medical treatment is approximately:

    Answer: 4–5 Gy

    The LD50/30 for humans without medical support is approximately 3–5 Gy delivered acutely; supportive care can raise this to 6–7 Gy.

  5. An RSO reviewing dosimetry data notices that an embryo/fetus has received 4 mSv during the declared pregnancy. NRC regulations limit fetal dose during the entire gestation period to:

    Answer: 5 mSv

    NRC regulations (10 CFR 20.1208) limit the dose to an embryo/fetus during the entire gestation period to 5 mSv (500 mrem) once the pregnancy is declared.

  6. Which of the following best describes a 'committed effective dose'?

    Answer: The cumulative effective dose from internal emitters integrated over 50 years (or to age 70 for children)

    Committed effective dose is the total effective dose that will be delivered by internally deposited radionuclides integrated over 50 years for adults or to age 70 for children following an intake.