Disorder Flashcards

Where are the vast majority of learning-disabled students taught?

Answer: in the general education classroom

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) mandates that students with disabilities be educated in the least restrictive environment (LRE). For the vast majority of students with learning disabilities, this means receiving instruction and support within the general education classroom alongside their non-disabled peers, with appropriate accommodations and services.

Which of the following must be ruled out before a learning problem may be diagnosed in a student?

Answer: environmental disadvantage

Before a learning problem can be diagnosed as a learning disability, it is essential to rule out other potential causes for academic difficulties. Environmental disadvantages, such as lack of adequate instruction, poverty, or cultural differences, can significantly impact a student's learning and must be considered and addressed before attributing struggles to an intrinsic learning disability.

What proportion of students are thought to have a learning disability on average?

Answer: 3.50%

While prevalence rates can vary slightly depending on the source and diagnostic criteria, a commonly accepted average for the proportion of students thought to have a learning disability is around 3-5%. The option of 3.50% falls squarely within this generally recognized range for the school-aged population.

Which subject presents the greatest challenge for learning-disabled students?Which subject presents the greatest challenge for learning-disabled students?

Answer: reading

Reading difficulties, particularly those associated with dyslexia, are by far the most prevalent type of learning disability. A significant majority of students identified with a learning disability experience challenges in areas such as phonological awareness, decoding, reading fluency, and comprehension, making reading the subject that presents the greatest challenge.

Early reading-related issues that could be symptoms of a learning disability can be detected in the field of

Answer: phonemic awareness and alphabetic principles. phonological awareness and rapid automatic naming.

Early reading-related issues that can signal a learning disability are often found in foundational literacy skills. Phonological awareness, which is the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in spoken language, and rapid automatic naming, the quick retrieval of names for familiar items, are critical precursors to reading and common areas of difficulty for students with learning disabilities.

The inability to think critically about one's own thinking is a trait of learning difficulties that could influence a pupil.

Answer: metacognition.

Metacognition refers to the ability to think about one's own thinking, including monitoring comprehension, planning strategies, and self-regulating learning. Students with learning disabilities often struggle with these metacognitive processes, making it difficult for them to independently identify when they don't understand something or to apply effective learning strategies.

Which types of exams are typically utilized to initially identify a kid during the prereferral process?

Answer: observation and classroom performance measures

During the prereferral process, the initial steps to address a student's learning difficulties typically involve gathering information within the classroom setting. This includes direct observation of the student's behavior and learning strategies, as well as an analysis of their performance on daily classroom assignments, quizzes, and other curriculum-based measures.

The "wait to fail" model refers to which of the following models?

Answer: aptitude-achievement discrepancy

The "wait to fail" model is historically associated with the aptitude-achievement discrepancy model for identifying learning disabilities. Under this model, students often had to demonstrate a significant gap between their intellectual ability (aptitude) and their academic performance (achievement) before qualifying for special education services, meaning they had to struggle considerably before receiving help.

Which of the following describes a RtI model step?

Answer: All the answers are correct.

The Response to Intervention (RtI) model is a multi-tiered framework that encompasses all these steps. It begins with high-quality instruction for all students (often by the classroom teacher), includes continuous monitoring of student progress, and provides increasingly intensive interventions for students who do not respond to the initial instruction.

Which strategy can be used to the RtI model?

Answer: both the problem-solving and standard treatment protocol approaches

The Response to Intervention (RtI) model can be implemented using both the problem-solving approach and the standard treatment protocol approach. The problem-solving approach involves individualized assessment and intervention planning, while the standard treatment protocol approach utilizes research-based, standardized interventions for groups of students with similar needs.

Why is it still regarded as best practice to calculate a student's IQ in order to identify a learning disability?

Answer: If the IQ is below 75, there may be another disability present.

While Response to Intervention (RtI) has reduced the sole reliance on IQ-achievement discrepancy, IQ testing can still be valuable in identifying other potential disabilities. If a student's IQ is significantly low (typically below 70-75), it may indicate an intellectual disability rather than a specific learning disability, which requires different educational approaches and supports.

Reading comprehension would be

Answer: creating meaning from words.

Reading comprehension is the active process of constructing meaning from written text. It involves more than just decoding words; it requires understanding the vocabulary, sentences, and overall message to grasp the author's intent and integrate new information with existing knowledge.

Which of the following statements regarding task analysis is accurate?

Answer: All the answers are correct.

Task analysis is a highly effective teaching strategy that involves breaking down a complex skill or objective into smaller, more manageable, sequential steps. This method is particularly beneficial for students with learning disabilities as it provides clear, explicit instructions, making the learning process more accessible and structured, and clearly specifies the task to be taught.

A excellent presentation incorporates all of the following in the direct instruction method of teaching, with the exception of which?

Answer: an outline of your notes

In the direct instruction method, a good presentation emphasizes explicit teaching, clear explanations, and active engagement. While an outline of notes is a tool for the presenter, it is not typically considered a direct component of the *presentation itself* for students, unlike an advance organizer, rationale, or think-aloud model which are designed to enhance student understanding and engagement.

Which of the following is a mnemonic device example?

Answer: All the answers are correct.

Mnemonic devices are memory aids that help individuals recall information by associating it with something easier to remember. All the listed options—HOMES for the Great Lakes, ROYGBIV for the rainbow color spectrum, and Every Good Boy Does Fine for music notes—are classic and widely used examples of mnemonic strategies.

In the case of specific academic disciplines, giving a student priority seating in the classroom is one example of

Answer: organizing the instructional environment.

Giving a student priority seating in the classroom is an example of organizing the instructional environment. This involves strategically arranging the physical space and resources within the classroom to minimize distractions, improve access to instruction, and better support a student's specific learning needs.