Drug Classifications Flashcards

Which drug class is primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues?

Answer: Thiazolidinediones

Thiazolidinediones (e.g., pioglitazone) work as insulin sensitizers by activating PPAR-gamma receptors in adipose and muscle tissue.

A patient is prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Which of the following belongs to this class?

Answer: Sertraline

Sertraline (Zoloft) is an SSRI; amitriptyline is a TCA, venlafaxine is an SNRI, and bupropion is an NDRI.

Which class of antibiotics inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins?

Answer: Beta-lactams

Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems) all inhibit cell wall synthesis by targeting penicillin-binding proteins.

Omeprazole is classified as which type of drug?

Answer: Proton pump inhibitor

Omeprazole irreversibly inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase proton pump in gastric parietal cells, classifying it as a PPI.

Which drug class is contraindicated in patients with a sulfa allergy due to the sulfonamide moiety in its structure?

Answer: Thiazide diuretics

Thiazide diuretics contain a sulfonamide group and may cause cross-reactivity in patients with documented sulfa allergies.

Opioid analgesics produce their effects primarily by binding to which receptor type?

Answer: Mu opioid receptors

Opioids primarily bind mu (μ) opioid receptors in the CNS and periphery to produce analgesia, euphoria, and respiratory depression.

Which class of medications is used to treat osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption?

Answer: Bisphosphonates

Bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate) bind to bone mineral and inhibit osteoclast activity, reducing bone resorption.