Object-Oriented Programming in Python Flashcards

What is multiple inheritance in Python?

Answer: A class inheriting attributes and methods from more than one parent class

Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit from several parent classes, e.g., `class C(A, B):`.

What is the MRO (Method Resolution Order) used for?

Answer: Determining the order in which base classes are searched when looking up a method

MRO defines the lookup order for methods and attributes in class hierarchies, especially important in multiple inheritance.

What does the `@property` decorator enable?

Answer: Accessing a method as if it were an attribute (getter)

`@property` lets you define a method that is accessed like an attribute, enabling controlled access to private data.

Which of the following correctly defines a class method?

Answer: @classmethod def my_method(cls):

A class method is decorated with `@classmethod` and takes `cls` as its first parameter, referring to the class itself.

What is encapsulation in OOP?

Answer: Bundling data and methods that operate on that data within a class, restricting direct outside access

Encapsulation hides internal state and exposes only necessary interfaces, protecting object integrity.

What is the output of the following code? ``` class Dog: sound = 'Woof' d = Dog() d.sound = 'Bark' print(Dog.sound) ```

Answer: Woof

Assigning `d.sound = 'Bark'` creates an instance attribute on `d`, leaving the class attribute `Dog.sound` unchanged as 'Woof'.

Which built-in function returns all attributes and methods of an object?

Answer: dir()

`dir(obj)` returns a list of all attributes and methods available on the object, including inherited ones.