Lighting Principles and Techniques Flashcards

In a standard three-point lighting setup, which light's primary function is to separate the subject from the background and add dimension?

Answer: Backlight

The backlight, also known as a rim or hair light, is positioned behind the subject to create a subtle outline of light. This effect helps to visually separate the subject from the background, preventing them from blending in and adding a sense of depth to the image.

A photographer moves their only light source from 4 feet away from a subject to 8 feet away. According to the inverse square law, how does the intensity of the light falling on the subject change?

Answer: It is now one-quarter as intense.

The inverse square law states that the intensity of light is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. By doubling the distance (from 4 to 8 feet), the light intensity decreases to one-quarter (1 / 2^2 = 1/4) of its original strength.

A photographer is aiming for a dramatic, high-contrast portrait with deep shadows. Which of the following lighting ratios would be most effective in achieving this look?

Answer: 8:1

A lighting ratio compares the intensity of the key light to the fill light. A higher ratio, like 8:1, means the key light is eight times brighter than the fill light. This significant difference creates strong highlights and deep, pronounced shadows, resulting in a high-contrast, dramatic image. A 1:1 ratio produces flat lighting with almost no shadows.

When photographing a portrait, a photographer uses a lighting technique that illuminates the side of the face turned away from the camera, placing the side of the face closer to the camera in more shadow. What is this technique called?

Answer: Short Lighting

Short lighting illuminates the side of the subject's face that is further from the camera. This technique narrows the face and creates more shadow and contour on the side of the face nearest the camera, often resulting in a more dramatic or sculpting effect.

A photographer wants to project a pattern of light, such as the shape of a window or tree leaves, onto their background. Which lighting modifier is specifically designed for this purpose?

Answer: Gobo

A gobo (which stands for 'Goes Before Optics') is a stencil or template placed inside or in front of a light source to control the shape of the emitted light. It is used to project patterns, textures, or images onto a surface.

A photographer is shooting indoors under standard tungsten light bulbs and wants to set a custom white balance to neutralize the warm, orange cast. Which of the following Kelvin temperature settings would be most appropriate?

Answer: 3200K

The Kelvin scale measures the color temperature of light. Standard tungsten bulbs produce a warm, orange-hued light, which corresponds to approximately 3200K. Setting the camera's white balance to 3200K will add blue to counteract the orange, resulting in a neutral, accurate color representation.