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Therapeutics Flashcards

7 cards from real Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A patient with atrial fibrillation and CrCl of 35 mL/min is started on a DOAC. Which agent requires the most significant dose reduction at this renal function level?

    Answer: Dabigatran

    Dabigatran is primarily renally eliminated and is contraindicated or requires substantial dose reduction at CrCl <30 mL/min, with caution at 30–50 mL/min.

  2. Which of the following is the preferred first-line pharmacological treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults?

    Answer: Sertraline

    SSRIs such as sertraline are first-line for GAD because of their favorable safety profile and efficacy with long-term use.

  3. A patient on warfarin has an INR of 9 with no active bleeding. What is the most appropriate management?

    Answer: Hold warfarin and give oral vitamin K 2.5 mg

    For supratherapeutic INR (>8) without bleeding, holding warfarin and giving low-dose oral vitamin K (2–2.5 mg) is recommended to lower INR without over-correction.

  4. Which antiepileptic drug is considered safest for use during pregnancy in women with epilepsy?

    Answer: Lamotrigine

    Lamotrigine has the most favorable fetal safety profile among antiepileptics and is preferred when epilepsy must be treated during pregnancy.

  5. In a patient with Stage 3 chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes, which glucose-lowering agent offers the most evidence for renal protection?

    Answer: Empagliflozin

    SGLT2 inhibitors like empagliflozin reduce intraglomerular pressure and have demonstrated cardiorenal protective effects in CKD with diabetes.

  6. A patient taking lithium develops polyuria and polydipsia. Which medication can reduce these symptoms by decreasing lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

    Answer: Amiloride

    Amiloride blocks sodium channels in the collecting duct, reducing lithium uptake into cells and attenuating lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

  7. Which class of antihypertensives is contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis?

    Answer: ACE inhibitors

    ACE inhibitors reduce efferent arteriolar tone, which is the compensatory mechanism maintaining GFR in bilateral renal artery stenosis, and can precipitate acute renal failure.