PTCB Pharmacology #3 2 Flashcards
6 cards from real Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 PTCB Pharmacology #3 2 flashcards as text
What is the first-pass effect?
Answer: Extensive drug metabolism by the liver before systemic circulation after oral administration
The first-pass effect (hepatic first-pass metabolism) occurs when orally administered drugs are absorbed from the GI tract and pass through the portal circulation to the liver, where significant metabolism occurs before reaching systemic circulation.
Which of the following is an example of a drug with significant first-pass metabolism that may require higher oral doses than parenteral doses?
Answer: Morphine
Morphine undergoes significant first-pass hepatic metabolism. The oral:IV ratio is approximately 3:1 — a 10 mg IV morphine dose equals approximately 30 mg oral morphine.
Which drug class ends in the "-mab" suffix?
Answer: Monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies end in "-mab" (adalimumab, trastuzumab, pembrolizumab, rituximab). "-nib" indicates small molecule kinase inhibitors; "-cept" indicates fusion proteins.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin) primarily cause which serious adverse effects?
Answer: Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides are associated with nephrotoxicity (acute tubular necrosis) and ototoxicity (cochlear damage causing hearing loss, vestibular damage). Drug levels (trough) and renal function must be monitored.
What distinguishes Type 1 diabetes from Type 2 diabetes pharmacologically?
Answer: Type 1 requires insulin; Type 2 can often be managed initially with oral agents
Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells, requiring insulin replacement. Type 2 involves insulin resistance and relative deficiency, often managed initially with oral agents like metformin before insulin is added.
Which of the following describes "bioavailability"?
Answer: The fraction of administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged
Bioavailability (F) is the fraction of an administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation in an active form. IV drugs have 100% bioavailability; oral drugs are typically less due to incomplete absorption and first-pass metabolism.