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Pharmaceutical Chemistry Flashcards

7 cards from real Pharmacy practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which functional group is present in ACE inhibitors like captopril that binds to the zinc ion at the active site of angiotensin-converting enzyme?

    Answer: Thiol (-SH)

    Captopril's thiol (-SH) group coordinates directly to the zinc ion in the ACE active site, providing potent enzyme inhibition.

  2. The process by which a drug salt dissolves and the parent drug is released is called:

    Answer: Dissociation

    Dissociation of a drug salt in aqueous solution separates the drug molecule (free acid or base) from its counterion, affecting solubility and absorption.

  3. Glucuronidation, a major Phase II metabolic reaction, involves the transfer of glucuronic acid from:

    Answer: UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA) to the drug

    UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes transfer glucuronic acid from UDPGA to hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, or thiol groups on drug molecules.

  4. Which type of drug-receptor interaction is strongest and irreversible under physiological conditions?

    Answer: Covalent bonding

    Covalent bonds are the strongest drug-receptor interactions, generally irreversible, as seen with aspirin's acetylation of COX or organophosphate inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

  5. The polymorphic forms of a drug substance are important in pharmacy because they can differ in:

    Answer: Solubility, stability, and bioavailability

    Polymorphs have the same chemical composition but different crystal packing, affecting dissolution rate, solubility, stability, and ultimately bioavailability.

  6. What type of chemical bond is formed when a phenol group in a drug molecule reacts with acetyl-CoA during Phase II metabolism?

    Answer: O-acetyl (ester bond)

    Acetylation of a phenol by acetyl-CoA via N-acetyltransferase or O-acetyltransferase forms an ester bond (O-acetyl product).

  7. Tetracycline antibiotics are chelated and inactivated by divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+) because tetracycline contains:

    Answer: A 1,3-diketone/enol system that forms stable chelate complexes with metal ions

    The beta-diketone/enol system in tetracyclines forms stable 5- or 6-membered chelate rings with divalent metal ions, reducing oral absorption.