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Cardiac Care and ECG Flashcards

6 cards from real PCP practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. The 4 H's and 4 T's of PEA/asystole include Hypovolemia, Hypoxia, Hydrogen ion (acidosis), Hypo/Hyperkalemia, Tension pneumothorax, Tamponade, Toxins, and:

    Answer: Thrombosis (pulmonary or coronary)

    The 4 T's are Tension pneumothorax, Tamponade, Toxins, and Thrombosis (pulmonary embolism or AMI).

  2. A patient with chest pain has a 12-lead showing ST elevation in V1–V4. This indicates:

    Answer: Anterior STEMI

    Leads V1–V4 are the anterior precordial leads; ST elevation here indicates an anterior STEMI, typically from LAD occlusion.

  3. Which of the following best describes sinus bradycardia on an ECG?

    Answer: Rate <60 bpm, regular rhythm, normal P-QRS relationship

    Sinus bradycardia is a rate <60 bpm with a normal regular P-QRS-T pattern, originating from the sinoatrial node.

  4. What medication is the first-line pharmacological treatment for symptomatic sinus bradycardia?

    Answer: Atropine 0.5 mg IV

    Atropine 0.5 mg IV is the first pharmacological intervention for symptomatic bradycardia, increasing heart rate by blocking vagal tone.

  5. Transcutaneous pacing is indicated when:

    Answer: Atropine fails to resolve symptomatic bradycardia with hemodynamic compromise

    Transcutaneous pacing is used when drugs fail and the patient has symptomatic bradycardia with hemodynamic instability.

  6. Which finding on a 12-lead ECG is most consistent with a posterior STEMI?

    Answer: Tall R waves and ST depression in V1–V2

    Posterior STEMI produces reciprocal changes in V1–V2: tall R waves (reciprocal Q), ST depression, and upright T waves (reciprocal inversion).