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Biological Flashcards

7 cards from real PCAT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

    Answer: Helicase

    Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between base pairs to unwind the double helix at the replication fork.

  2. Which phase of meiosis results in the separation of homologous chromosomes?

    Answer: Meiosis I Anaphase

    During Anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosome pairs are pulled to opposite poles, reducing the chromosome number by half.

  3. What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    Answer: Lipid synthesis and detoxification

    The smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is specialized for lipid synthesis, steroid hormone production, and detoxification of drugs.

  4. In a dihybrid cross between two AaBb parents, what fraction of offspring will be aabb?

    Answer: 1/16

    Each trait independently assorts; the probability of aa is 1/4 and bb is 1/4, so aabb = 1/4 × 1/4 = 1/16.

  5. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

    Answer: Pulmonary vein

    The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart.

  6. Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome?

    Answer: mRNA

    Messenger RNA (mRNA) is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and carries the codon sequence to the ribosome for translation.

  7. Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production via aerobic respiration?

    Answer: Mitochondria

    Mitochondria house the electron transport chain and ATP synthase, generating the majority of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.