Paramedics Exam Toxicology and Poisoning 2

Question 1

Which presentation best describes the sympathomimetic toxidrome?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, and mydriasis

Answer

Bradycardia, miosis, bronchospasm, and excessive secretions

Answer

Sedation, bradycardia, and hypothermia

Answer

Altered mental status, diaphoresis, and muscle rigidity only

Question 2

The SLUDGE mnemonic (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, GI distress, Emesis) describes which toxidrome?

Accepted Answer

Cholinergic toxidrome

Answer

Opioid toxidrome

Answer

Anticholinergic toxidrome

Answer

Sedative-hypnotic toxidrome

Question 3

A patient overdosed on metoprolol and presents with symptomatic bradycardia and hypotension. Which treatment combination is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Atropine and high-dose glucagon IV

Answer

Naloxone 2 mg IV

Answer

Calcium gluconate 3 g IV

Answer

Sodium bicarbonate 1 mEq/kg IV

Question 4

A chronic alcohol user presents with confusion, ataxia, and horizontal nystagmus with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL. What must be administered BEFORE dextrose?

Accepted Answer

Thiamine 100 mg IV/IM

Answer

Naloxone 0.4 mg IV

Answer

Flumazenil 0.2 mg IV

Answer

Sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq IV

Question 5

Which finding best distinguishes methanol poisoning from ethanol intoxication?

Accepted Answer

Visual disturbances and high anion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer

Slurred speech and ataxia

Answer

Sedation and respiratory depression

Answer

Tachycardia and hypertension

Question 6

You administer flumazenil to a benzodiazepine overdose patient. Which complication must you most closely monitor for?

Accepted Answer

Seizures in a chronic benzodiazepine user

Answer

Hypertensive crisis

Answer

Precipitation of opioid withdrawal

Answer

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 7

Which acid-base pattern is most characteristic of salicylate (aspirin) poisoning in adults?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory alkalosis followed by metabolic acidosis

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis followed by respiratory acidosis

Answer

Pure respiratory alkalosis throughout the course

Answer

Pure metabolic acidosis from the onset