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Pulmonology Flashcards

7 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Pulmonology flashcards as text

  1. A 45-year-old male presents with chronic cough, wheezing, and nasal polyps. He develops severe bronchospasm after taking ibuprofen for knee pain. What syndrome does he have?

    Answer: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD)

    Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (Samter's triad) consists of asthma, nasal polyps, and NSAID-induced bronchospasm.

  2. A 52-year-old farmer presents with acute onset fever, myalgia, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates 4-6 hours after working in a dusty barn. Symptoms resolve within 24 hours without treatment. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Organic dust toxic syndrome

    Organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) occurs after heavy organic dust exposure causing flu-like illness and bilateral infiltrates that resolve spontaneously within 24-48 hours without sensitization.

  3. A 68-year-old with lung adenocarcinoma is found to have an EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation. Which first-line therapy is most appropriate?

    Answer: Osimertinib (third-generation EGFR TKI)

    Osimertinib is the preferred first-line EGFR TKI for NSCLC with EGFR-sensitizing mutations based on superior outcomes in the FLAURA trial.

  4. A 62-year-old presents with progressive dyspnea and is found to have bilateral pleural effusions. Echocardiography shows EF of 35%. Thoracentesis reveals protein 2.1 g/dL and LDH 140 U/L. What is the most likely cause?

    Answer: Congestive heart failure transudate

    Bilateral effusions with low protein and LDH in the context of reduced EF are consistent with a transudative effusion from congestive heart failure.

  5. A 33-year-old with cystic fibrosis has FEV1 38% predicted and recurrent Pseudomonas exacerbations. Which chronic suppressive antibiotic regimen is most appropriate?

    Answer: Inhaled tobramycin alternating monthly

    Inhaled tobramycin in alternating monthly cycles is a guideline-recommended chronic suppressive therapy for CF patients with chronic Pseudomonas infection.

  6. Which ventilator parameter should be prioritized when managing ARDS to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI)?

    Answer: Tidal volume 4-6 mL/kg ideal body weight

    The ARDSNet protocol demonstrated reduced mortality using lung-protective ventilation with low tidal volumes of 4-6 mL/kg IBW to minimize VILI.

  7. A 44-year-old HIV-positive patient with CD4 count of 90 cells/µL presents with progressive dyspnea, non-productive cough, and fever. CXR shows bilateral interstitial infiltrates. LDH is elevated at 520 U/L. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)

    PCP classically presents in HIV patients with CD4 <200 with bilateral interstitial infiltrates, elevated LDH, and non-productive cough, and is the leading AIDS-defining pulmonary opportunistic infection.