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Pulmonology Flashcards

7 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Pulmonology flashcards as text

  1. A 48-year-old woman presents with pleuritic chest pain, fever, and a unilateral pleural effusion. Thoracentesis reveals pH 7.1, glucose 45 mg/dL, and LDH >1000 U/L. What is the most appropriate management?

    Answer: Chest tube drainage

    A complicated parapneumonic effusion or empyema with pH <7.2, glucose <60, or elevated LDH requires drainage with chest tube placement.

  2. A 70-year-old with a 45-pack-year history has a 1.2 cm spiculated pulmonary nodule on CT chest. PET scan shows increased FDG uptake. Which is the next best step?

    Answer: Surgical resection or tissue sampling

    A spiculated nodule >1 cm with high FDG avidity on PET in a high-risk patient warrants tissue diagnosis or surgical resection.

  3. Which type of lung cancer is most commonly associated with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia?

    Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma

    Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung most commonly causes hypercalcemia via PTHrP secretion as a paraneoplastic syndrome.

  4. A patient with obstructive sleep apnea fails CPAP therapy due to intolerance. BMI is 28 kg/m². AHI is 22. Which is the most appropriate alternative treatment?

    Answer: Mandibular advancement device

    A mandibular advancement device is the recommended alternative for mild-to-moderate OSA patients who cannot tolerate CPAP.

  5. A 30-year-old presents with spontaneous pneumothorax on the right side with 25% lung collapse. He is hemodynamically stable. What is the most appropriate management?

    Answer: Small-bore chest tube or aspiration

    A primary spontaneous pneumothorax with >20% collapse in a stable patient is typically managed with small-bore chest tube or needle aspiration.

  6. Which pulmonary function test pattern is consistent with a restrictive lung disease?

    Answer: FEV1/FVC >0.70, decreased TLC and FVC

    Restrictive lung disease shows FEV1/FVC ratio ≥0.70 (preserved) with decreased TLC and FVC due to reduced lung volumes.

  7. A 55-year-old with chronic cough undergoes bronchoscopy revealing endobronchial lesion. Biopsy shows small cells with high nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio and crush artifact. Which treatment is most appropriate?

    Answer: Chemotherapy with etoposide and platinum

    Small cell lung cancer is managed with platinum-based chemotherapy (etoposide + cisplatin/carboplatin) as it is highly sensitive to chemotherapy but rarely curable surgically.