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Cardiology Flashcards

7 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Cardiology flashcards as text

  1. A 60-year-old woman with no prior cardiac history develops new onset palpitations. EKG shows absent P waves, irregularly irregular rhythm, and rate of 130 bpm. She is hemodynamically stable. What is the first-line rate control agent?

    Answer: Metoprolol IV

    IV metoprolol (a beta-blocker) is first-line for rate control in hemodynamically stable atrial fibrillation.

  2. Which lipid abnormality pattern is most associated with metabolic syndrome?

    Answer: Low HDL with elevated triglycerides

    Metabolic syndrome characteristically presents with hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol, along with insulin resistance.

  3. A patient develops acute ST depression in V4-V6 during a stress test at 6 METs with chest pain and 20 mmHg drop in systolic BP. What is the appropriate next step?

    Answer: Stop the test immediately and arrange urgent evaluation

    ST depression with hypotension and chest pain at low workload indicates high-risk findings, requiring immediate test termination and urgent cardiac evaluation.

  4. Which medication has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with stable chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?

    Answer: Carvedilol

    Carvedilol, a non-selective beta-blocker, is one of the three beta-blockers proven to reduce mortality in HFrEF (along with metoprolol succinate and bisoprolol).

  5. A 50-year-old man presents with tearing chest pain radiating to the back, unequal arm blood pressures, and a widened mediastinum on CXR. Which is the most appropriate immediate next step?

    Answer: CT angiography of the chest

    CT angiography of the chest is the preferred imaging modality to rapidly confirm aortic dissection and define its extent.

  6. Which valve lesion most commonly causes dysphagia due to left atrial enlargement compressing the esophagus?

    Answer: Mitral stenosis

    Mitral stenosis causes progressive left atrial enlargement; the enlarged LA can compress the esophagus, causing dysphagia.

  7. A 68-year-old diabetic woman presents with fatigue, nausea, and diaphoresis for 2 hours. EKG shows new ST elevation in V1-V4. Which vessels is most likely occluded?

    Answer: Left anterior descending artery

    Anterior STEMI (V1-V4) results from occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery.