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Ultimate PANRE Flashcards

7 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Ultimate PANRE flashcards as text

  1. A 58-year-old male with type 2 diabetes presents with a painless, punched-out ulcer on the plantar surface of his foot. Pedal pulses are intact and monofilament testing shows loss of sensation. What is the primary pathophysiology?

    Answer: Peripheral neuropathy

    Peripheral neuropathy is the primary driver of neuropathic (diabetic) foot ulcers, causing loss of protective sensation and pressure-induced tissue breakdown.

  2. Which antibiotic class is the treatment of choice for community-acquired pneumonia in a healthy outpatient adult with no comorbidities?

    Answer: Macrolides

    Current IDSA/ATS guidelines recommend macrolides (e.g., azithromycin) as first-line monotherapy for otherwise healthy adults with CAP who have no comorbidities.

  3. A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and cold intolerance. TSH is 12 mIU/L and free T4 is low. Which medication is the standard of care?

    Answer: Levothyroxine

    Levothyroxine (synthetic T4) is the standard treatment for primary hypothyroidism due to its consistent potency, long half-life, and predictable peripheral conversion to T3.

  4. A patient is found to have a serum potassium of 6.8 mEq/L with peaked T waves on ECG. Which intervention should be performed FIRST?

    Answer: IV calcium gluconate

    IV calcium gluconate is given first to stabilize cardiac membranes and prevent potentially fatal arrhythmias, buying time for potassium-lowering therapies.

  5. A 32-year-old woman at 10 weeks gestation presents with nausea, vomiting, vaginal bleeding, and a uterus larger than dates. Beta-hCG is markedly elevated and ultrasound shows a 'snowstorm' pattern. What is the diagnosis?

    Answer: Complete hydatidiform mole

    A snowstorm ultrasound pattern with markedly elevated beta-hCG, uterus larger than dates, and vaginal bleeding is classic for a complete hydatidiform mole.

  6. Which finding on urinalysis is most consistent with nephrotic syndrome?

    Answer: Massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/day)

    Nephrotic syndrome is defined by massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/day), which drives the associated hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia.

  7. A 70-year-old male smoker presents with progressive dyspnea and a persistent cough. Spirometry reveals FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.62 and an FEV1 of 55% predicted. Which GOLD stage does this represent?

    Answer: GOLD 2 (Moderate)

    GOLD 2 (Moderate COPD) is defined by an FEV1/FVC <0.70 with FEV1 50–80% predicted.