PANRE Nephrology Flashcards
6 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 PANRE Nephrology flashcards as text
What is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients?
Answer: Prerenal azotemia
Prerenal azotemia due to volume depletion, hypotension, or reduced cardiac output is the most common cause of AKI in hospitalized patients.
A patient on chronic NSAID therapy develops pyuria without bacteriuria and eosinophiluria. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)
NSAID-induced acute interstitial nephritis classically presents with sterile pyuria and eosinophiluria due to a hypersensitivity reaction in the renal interstitium.
Which diuretic is preferred to manage edema in nephrotic syndrome?
Answer: Loop diuretics (furosemide)
Loop diuretics such as furosemide are the primary treatment for edema in nephrotic syndrome due to their potency in patients with low albumin.
A patient has a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) of 450 mg/g. Per KDIGO staging, what albuminuria category does this represent?
Answer: A3 — severely increased
Per KDIGO CKD classification, an ACR of 300-3499 mg/g corresponds to A3 (severely increased albuminuria).
Which urinalysis finding best distinguishes prerenal AKI from intrinsic renal (ATN) AKI?
Answer: Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) <1%
A FENa <1% indicates intact tubular sodium reabsorption, consistent with prerenal azotemia where tubular function is preserved.
What is the primary mechanism of anemia in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (stages 3b-5)?
Answer: Decreased erythropoietin production by failing kidneys
CKD-associated anemia is primarily caused by decreased synthesis of erythropoietin by damaged peritubular cells in the kidney.