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PANRE Nephrology Flashcards

6 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A patient on an ACE inhibitor is found to have bilateral renal artery stenosis. Which lab change is most expected after starting the ACE inhibitor?

    Answer: Increased serum creatinine

    ACE inhibitors block efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction, causing a significant drop in GFR and a rise in creatinine in bilateral renal artery stenosis.

  2. A patient with ESRD develops pruritis, pericarditis, and encephalopathy. These findings are best explained by which condition?

    Answer: Uremic syndrome

    Uremic syndrome encompasses pruritis, pericardial inflammation, neurologic changes, and bleeding tendency due to accumulated uremic toxins in ESRD.

  3. Impaired 1-alpha hydroxylation of vitamin D in CKD leads to which electrolyte abnormality?

    Answer: Hypocalcemia

    CKD impairs renal 1-alpha hydroxylation of vitamin D, reducing intestinal calcium absorption and causing hypocalcemia with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

  4. At what GFR level is hemodialysis typically initiated in symptomatic CKD patients?

    Answer: 10-15 mL/min/1.73m²

    Dialysis is generally initiated when GFR falls to 10-15 mL/min/1.73m² in patients with uremic symptoms or complications.

  5. A child presents with cola-colored urine, periorbital edema, and hypertension 2 weeks after strep throat. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

    Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis classically presents 1-3 weeks after Group A Strep pharyngitis with hematuria, edema, and hypertension.

  6. A patient with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) develops a sudden severe 'thunderclap' headache and nuchal rigidity. What complication must be immediately considered?

    Answer: Intracranial berry aneurysm rupture

    PKD is associated with intracranial berry aneurysms; rupture causing subarachnoid hemorrhage presents with sudden severe headache and meningismus.