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Neurology Flashcards

7 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Neurology flashcards as text

  1. A 55-year-old with a history of small cell lung cancer presents with proximal muscle weakness, reduced reflexes that improve with repeated stimulation, and autonomic dysfunction. Diagnosis?

    Answer: Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

    Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a paraneoplastic disorder most associated with small cell lung cancer; reflexes and strength paradoxically improve with repetitive activity.

  2. A 40-year-old woman presents with severe unilateral periorbital pain, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, and ptosis occurring in clusters over weeks. Best acute treatment?

    Answer: High-flow 100% oxygen

    High-flow 100% oxygen via non-rebreather mask is the most effective abortive treatment for acute cluster headache attacks, providing relief within 15–20 minutes.

  3. A patient with a right MCA stroke has difficulty speaking but understands language perfectly. Which type of aphasia is this?

    Answer: Broca aphasia

    Broca aphasia (expressive/non-fluent aphasia) involves damage to Broca's area in the left frontal lobe, producing halting speech with preserved comprehension.

  4. Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke?

    Answer: Recent intracranial surgery within 3 months

    Recent intracranial surgery, head trauma, or prior stroke within 3 months is an absolute contraindication to IV tPA because of the risk of catastrophic hemorrhage.

  5. A 35-year-old presents with episodic severe headache, diaphoresis, palpitations, and hypertension. Which test confirms the diagnosis?

    Answer: 24-hour urine catecholamines and metanephrines

    Pheochromocytoma presents with paroxysmal hypertension, diaphoresis, and headache; diagnosis is confirmed by elevated 24-hour urine metanephrines and catecholamines.

  6. A neonate presents with seizures, lethargy, and bulging fontanelle within 24 hours of birth. CSF shows gram-positive cocci in pairs. Causative organism?

    Answer: Group B Streptococcus

    Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) is the most common cause of early-onset neonatal meningitis and appears as gram-positive cocci in pairs or chains.

  7. Which clinical finding best differentiates upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion from lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion?

    Answer: Hyperreflexia with spasticity

    UMN lesions produce hyperreflexia, spasticity, and Babinski sign due to loss of descending inhibition; LMN lesions cause hyporeflexia, flaccidity, and atrophy.