Practice Test GeeksPANRE Test Practice Test
← All PANRE Flashcard Decks

Hematology Flashcards

7 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Hematology flashcards as text

  1. A 68-year-old male presents with back pain, fatigue, and hypercalcemia. Serum protein electrophoresis shows an M-spike, urine contains Bence Jones proteins, and skeletal survey reveals multiple lytic lesions. Serum creatinine is elevated. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Multiple myeloma

    Multiple myeloma presents with the CRAB criteria (hyperCalcemia, Renal failure, Anemia, Bone lytic lesions), M-protein spike, and Bence Jones proteinuria from clonal plasma cell proliferation.

  2. A 26-year-old male presents with painless cervical lymphadenopathy, night sweats, fever, and weight loss. Biopsy of a lymph node reveals Reed-Sternberg cells. CT shows mediastinal involvement. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Hodgkin lymphoma

    Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells on biopsy, bimodal age distribution, B symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss), and frequent mediastinal involvement.

  3. A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue and splenomegaly. WBC is 85,000/μL with a left shift. Peripheral smear shows all stages of granulocyte maturation. Cytogenetics reveal the Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22). What is the first-line treatment?

    Answer: Imatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)

    Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) driven by the BCR-ABL fusion from the Philadelphia chromosome is treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib as first-line therapy.

  4. A 55-year-old presents with fatigue, petechiae, and gingival hyperplasia. CBC shows WBC 40,000 with blasts, Hgb 7.8, platelets 18,000. Bone marrow biopsy shows >20% blasts with Auer rods. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

    AML presents with Auer rods on marrow biopsy (pathognomonic), gingival hyperplasia, and rapidly progressive pancytopenia; >20% myeloid blasts confirms the diagnosis.

  5. A 70-year-old man is found to have WBC 62,000 on routine labs with small, mature-appearing lymphocytes and smudge cells on peripheral smear. He is asymptomatic with no lymphadenopathy. CD19, CD5, and CD23 are positive on flow cytometry. What is the management for this patient?

    Answer: Watchful waiting ('watch and wait')

    Early-stage (Rai 0) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in asymptomatic patients is managed with observation, as early treatment does not improve survival.

  6. A patient develops fever, chills, hypotension, and back pain shortly after beginning a blood transfusion. The patient's plasma appears pink-red (hemoglobinemia). What is the most likely type of transfusion reaction?

    Answer: Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (ABO incompatibility)

    Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions due to ABO incompatibility cause complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis, presenting with fever, hypotension, hemoglobinemia, and flank pain within minutes of transfusion.

  7. A 32-year-old alcoholic woman presents with macrocytic anemia, Hgb 8.6 g/dL, MCV 108 fL, normal B12 level, and hypersegmented neutrophils. What is the most likely etiology of her anemia?

    Answer: Folate deficiency anemia

    Folate deficiency is common in alcoholics due to poor diet and alcohol's interference with folate absorption and metabolism, producing megaloblastic anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils and a normal B12 level.