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Gastroenterology Flashcards

7 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A 45-year-old woman presents with right upper quadrant pain after fatty meals, nausea, and a positive Murphy's sign. Ultrasound shows gallstones. What is the definitive treatment?

    Answer: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

    Symptomatic cholelithiasis is best treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is the definitive and most commonly recommended intervention.

  2. Which of the following is the most sensitive and specific test for diagnosing H. pylori infection in a patient who cannot undergo endoscopy?

    Answer: Urea breath test

    The urea breath test has the highest sensitivity and specificity among non-invasive tests for active H. pylori infection.

  3. A 58-year-old man presents with new-onset ascites. Paracentesis shows SAAG of 1.5 g/dL. Which condition is most consistent with this result?

    Answer: Portal hypertension

    A SAAG ≥1.1 g/dL indicates portal hypertension as the cause of ascites, including cirrhosis, heart failure, or Budd-Chiari syndrome.

  4. A 32-year-old woman presents with alternating constipation and diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal cramping relieved by defecation. No alarm features are present. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Irritable bowel syndrome

    The pattern of alternating bowel habits, bloating, and pain relieved by defecation without alarm features fits the Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome.

  5. A 66-year-old man is found to have a 1.2 cm sessile polyp removed during colonoscopy. Pathology shows a tubular adenoma with low-grade dysplasia. When should the next colonoscopy be performed?

    Answer: 3 years

    Current guidelines recommend repeat colonoscopy in 3 years for patients with 1-2 tubular adenomas <10 mm with low-grade dysplasia.

  6. Which medication is contraindicated in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) who have acute kidney injury?

    Answer: NSAIDs

    NSAIDs are contraindicated in SBP with AKI as they further reduce renal perfusion in already hemodynamically compromised cirrhotic patients.

  7. A 50-year-old obese man with type 2 diabetes has elevated transaminases. Liver biopsy shows steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning. What is the diagnosis?

    Answer: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

    The triad of steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning in the absence of significant alcohol use defines nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).