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Endocrinology Flashcards

7 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A 28-year-old woman with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance would most benefit from which medication to improve metabolic parameters?

    Answer: Metformin

    Metformin improves insulin sensitivity in PCOS, which can restore menstrual regularity, reduce androgen levels, and lower cardiovascular metabolic risk.

  2. Which laboratory pattern is expected in a patient with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

    Answer: Low serum sodium, high urine sodium, high urine osmolality

    SIADH features euvolemic hyponatremia with inappropriately concentrated urine (urine osmolality >100 mOsm/kg) and elevated urine sodium (>20 mEq/L) despite low serum sodium.

  3. A patient presents with acute adrenal crisis. What is the immediate treatment?

    Answer: IV hydrocortisone 100 mg plus aggressive IV normal saline

    Adrenal crisis requires immediate IV hydrocortisone 100 mg (stress dose) and aggressive IV saline resuscitation; dexamethasone can be used if cortisol stimulation test is needed first.

  4. Which glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) target is generally recommended for a healthy 45-year-old with type 2 diabetes and no comorbidities?

    Answer: < 7.0%

    An HbA1c target of <7.0% is recommended for most non-pregnant adults with type 2 diabetes to reduce microvascular complications without excessive hypoglycemia risk.

  5. A 50-year-old man has acromegaly confirmed by elevated IGF-1. What is the primary treatment?

    Answer: Transsphenoidal surgery

    Transsphenoidal surgery is the primary treatment for acromegaly, achieving biochemical cure in the majority of microadenomas and many macroadenomas.

  6. Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with hypomagnesemia?

    Answer: Hypokalemia

    Hypomagnesemia frequently causes refractory hypokalemia because magnesium is required for proper potassium reabsorption in the kidney; replace magnesium first.

  7. A patient on long-term lithium therapy develops polyuria and polydipsia. What endocrine complication should be suspected?

    Answer: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

    Lithium causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by impairing the kidney's response to ADH, typically presenting with polyuria, polydipsia, and dilute urine.