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Endocrinology Flashcards

7 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A 35-year-old woman has galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and a serum prolactin of 180 ng/mL. MRI shows a 12mm pituitary lesion. What is the first-line treatment?

    Answer: Dopamine agonist (cabergoline)

    Dopamine agonists such as cabergoline are first-line treatment for prolactinomas regardless of size, effectively reducing prolactin levels and tumor size.

  2. A patient with hypothyroidism is started on levothyroxine. How soon should TSH be rechecked to assess adequacy of dosing?

    Answer: 6-8 weeks

    TSH should be rechecked 6-8 weeks after initiating or changing the dose of levothyroxine, as TSH requires this time to reach a new steady state.

  3. Which test best distinguishes central (secondary) diabetes insipidus from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

    Answer: Response to desmopressin (DDAVP) administration

    Administration of desmopressin (ADH analog) will increase urine concentration in central DI but not in nephrogenic DI where the kidney cannot respond.

  4. A 62-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease needs intensified glycemic therapy. Which drug class has demonstrated cardiovascular mortality benefit?

    Answer: SGLT-2 inhibitors

    SGLT-2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin, canagliflozin) have demonstrated significant reductions in cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalization in patients with established CVD.

  5. What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the outpatient setting?

    Answer: Primary hyperparathyroidism

    Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in outpatients, often discovered incidentally on routine labs.

  6. A patient with Graves disease is treated with methimazole. Which serious adverse effect requires immediate discontinuation?

    Answer: Agranulocytosis

    Agranulocytosis is a rare but life-threatening complication of thionamides; patients with fever or sore throat should stop the drug and get an immediate CBC.

  7. In a patient with an adrenal incidentaloma, what initial hormonal workup should be performed?

    Answer: 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test and 24-hour urine metanephrines

    All adrenal incidentalomas should be evaluated for autonomous cortisol production (1-mg dexamethasone suppression test) and pheochromocytoma (urine or plasma metanephrines); aldosterone testing is added if hypertensive.