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Cardiology Flashcards

7 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Cardiology flashcards as text

  1. A 48-year-old woman with lupus develops worsening dyspnea and JVD. Echo shows a large pericardial effusion. Pulsus paradoxus is 18 mmHg. What is the definitive treatment?

    Answer: Pericardiocentesis

    Pericardiocentesis is the definitive treatment for cardiac tamponade causing hemodynamic compromise.

  2. Which finding differentiates restrictive cardiomyopathy from constrictive pericarditis on echocardiography?

    Answer: Increased tissue Doppler E' velocity

    Increased tissue Doppler E' velocity is seen in constrictive pericarditis (extrinsic constraint, normal myocardium); restrictive cardiomyopathy shows reduced E' due to abnormal myocardium.

  3. A 55-year-old man post-CABG develops new-onset fever, pleuritic chest pain, and pericardial rub on day 10. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Post-cardiac injury syndrome (Dressler syndrome)

    Dressler syndrome is an autoimmune pericarditis occurring weeks after cardiac surgery or MI, presenting with fever, pleuritic pain, and friction rub.

  4. In a patient with chronic kidney disease and new-onset atrial fibrillation, which anticoagulant requires dose adjustment and should be used with caution as GFR declines below 30?

    Answer: Dabigatran

    Dabigatran is renally cleared (80%) and is contraindicated with GFR <15-30; other DOACs have less renal dependence but still require dose adjustments.

  5. A 30-year-old athlete collapses during a basketball game and is found to be in ventricular fibrillation. After resuscitation, which condition is most likely?

    Answer: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes in the United States.

  6. Which hemodynamic profile is characteristic of cardiogenic shock?

    Answer: High PCWP, low CO, high SVR

    Cardiogenic shock is characterized by elevated filling pressures (high PCWP), reduced cardiac output, and compensatory increased systemic vascular resistance.

  7. A patient with stable angina is intolerant of beta-blockers and nitrates. Which agent is an appropriate alternative for angina prophylaxis?

    Answer: Either B or C

    Both ranolazine (reduces late Na current, improving diastolic relaxation) and ivabradine (If channel blocker reducing HR) are approved alternatives for angina when first-line agents are not tolerated.