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Cardiology Flashcards

7 cards from real PANRE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Cardiology flashcards as text

  1. A patient presents with sharp pleuritic chest pain, friction rub, and diffuse ST elevation with PR depression on EKG. What is the diagnosis?

    Answer: Acute pericarditis

    Diffuse ST elevation with PR depression and friction rub are hallmark features of acute pericarditis.

  2. A 55-year-old man with an EF of 30% is on optimal medical therapy. His QRS is 160 ms with LBBB morphology. Which device is indicated?

    Answer: Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)

    CRT-D is indicated for symptomatic HFrEF with EF ≤35%, QRS ≥150 ms (especially LBBB), on optimal medical therapy.

  3. Which physical exam finding is most characteristic of aortic regurgitation?

    Answer: Water-hammer pulse (bounding pulse)

    The water-hammer (Corrigan's) pulse reflects the wide pulse pressure caused by rapid diastolic runoff in aortic regurgitation.

  4. A 45-year-old woman is found to have a serum LDL of 210 mg/dL with no cardiovascular risk factors. Initial management should include:

    Answer: Lifestyle modification for 3 months, then reassess

    In primary prevention with elevated LDL but no other risk factors, lifestyle modification is the initial step before pharmacotherapy.

  5. A patient with known heart failure presents with worsening dyspnea, orthopnea, and bilateral crackles. BNP is 1,200 pg/mL. Which medication provides the most immediate symptomatic relief?

    Answer: IV furosemide

    IV loop diuretics rapidly reduce preload and relieve pulmonary congestion in acute decompensated heart failure.

  6. Which electrocardiographic finding is most suggestive of right heart strain in acute pulmonary embolism?

    Answer: S1Q3T3 pattern

    The S1Q3T3 pattern (S wave in lead I, Q wave and T-wave inversion in lead III) is classic for acute right heart strain in PE.

  7. A 72-year-old man has a murmur that decreases with standing and increases with squatting. Which diagnosis is most consistent?

    Answer: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

    HOCM murmur increases with maneuvers that decrease preload (standing, Valsalva) and decreases with increased preload (squatting).