PANRE PANRE Nephrology

Question 1

A patient with CKD has a serum potassium of 6.4 mEq/L with peaked T-waves on EKG. What is the FIRST priority treatment?

Accepted Answer

Calcium gluconate IV

Answer

Sodium bicarbonate IV

Answer

Insulin with dextrose

Answer

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)

Question 2

Which formula is currently recommended for estimating GFR in clinical practice?

Accepted Answer

CKD-EPI equation

Answer

Cockcroft-Gault equation

Answer

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Answer

MDRD equation

Question 3

Which is the most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Membranous nephropathy

Answer

Minimal change disease

Answer

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Answer

IgA nephropathy

Question 4

Which medication class is first-line for reducing proteinuria and slowing progression of diabetic nephropathy?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors or ARBs

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Thiazide diuretics

Question 5

A patient presents with flank pain, hematuria, and nausea. CT shows a 4 mm ureteral stone. What is the most appropriate initial management?

Accepted Answer

Hydration, analgesia, and alpha-blocker (tamsulosin)

Answer

Immediate urologic surgical intervention

Answer

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Answer

Nephrostomy tube placement

Question 6

Which urinalysis finding is pathognomonic for acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?

Accepted Answer

Granular (muddy brown) casts

Answer

Red blood cell casts

Answer

White blood cell casts

Answer

Fatty casts