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Endocrine System Flashcards

7 cards from real PANCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A 35-year-old woman has episodic hypertension, headache, diaphoresis, and palpitations. 24-hour urine shows elevated metanephrines. Which imaging is most appropriate next?

    Answer: CT or MRI of the abdomen/pelvis

    CT or MRI of the abdomen/pelvis is used to localize pheochromocytoma after biochemical confirmation.

  2. Which electrolyte abnormality is most characteristic of primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)?

    Answer: Hypokalemia and hypertension

    Excess aldosterone causes sodium retention and potassium wasting, producing hypokalemia with hypertension.

  3. A 70-year-old woman with osteoporosis is found to have a serum calcium of 10.9 mg/dL and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) elevated. PTH is suppressed. What is the most likely etiology?

    Answer: Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy

    Elevated PTHrP with suppressed PTH in an elderly patient suggests humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

  4. A patient with type 2 diabetes has an HbA1c of 9.2% and CKD stage 3 (eGFR 38 mL/min). Which medication should be avoided or used with caution?

    Answer: Metformin

    Metformin is contraindicated when eGFR <30 and requires dose reduction/caution at eGFR 30-45 due to lactic acidosis risk.

  5. Graves disease is caused by which mechanism?

    Answer: Stimulating antibodies against the TSH receptor

    Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) bind and activate the TSH receptor, causing hyperthyroidism in Graves disease.

  6. A 25-year-old man presents with tall stature, long limbs, lens dislocation, and aortic root dilation. Which endocrine/metabolic condition is associated with this phenotype?

    Answer: Homocystinuria

    Homocystinuria (enzyme deficiency) causes a Marfanoid habitus with lens dislocation downward and thrombotic risk, distinguishing it from Marfan syndrome.

  7. A 55-year-old man undergoes thyroidectomy. Postoperatively he develops perioral numbness and carpopedal spasm. Which sign would you elicit?

    Answer: Chvostek sign

    Chvostek sign (facial twitch on tapping the facial nerve) indicates hypocalcemia from hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy.