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Cardiovascular System Flashcards

7 cards from real PANCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Cardiovascular System flashcards as text

  1. A 60-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation has a CHA₂DS₂-VASc score of 4. She has no contraindications. Which anticoagulation is preferred?

    Answer: Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC)

    DOACs are preferred over warfarin for non-valvular atrial fibrillation due to superior efficacy, safety, and convenience without routine INR monitoring.

  2. A patient develops hypotension, bradycardia, and diaphoresis minutes after inferior wall STEMI. Which artery is most likely occluded?

    Answer: Right coronary artery

    The right coronary artery supplies the inferior wall, SA node, and AV node; its occlusion causes inferior STEMI with bradycardia and hypotension.

  3. Which physical exam finding is pathognomonic for constrictive pericarditis?

    Answer: Kussmaul sign

    Kussmaul sign (paradoxical rise in JVP with inspiration) is the hallmark of constrictive pericarditis due to impaired right heart filling against a rigid pericardium.

  4. A 50-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy and EF of 25% is on optimal medical therapy. Which device therapy reduces mortality most significantly?

    Answer: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

    ICD implantation reduces sudden cardiac death in patients with EF ≤35% and symptomatic heart failure on optimal medical therapy per MADIT-II and SCD-HeFT trials.

  5. A 35-year-old woman develops sudden-onset severe headache and is found to have markedly elevated blood pressure (240/130 mmHg) with papilledema. Which agent should be avoided?

    Answer: Nitroprusside IV

    Nitroprusside is metabolized to cyanide and can increase intracranial pressure, making it problematic in hypertensive emergency with neurologic involvement.

  6. A 78-year-old man has an ECG showing a delta wave and short PR interval. He presents with palpitations and rapid irregular rhythm. Which drug is CONTRAINDICATED?

    Answer: Adenosine

    Adenosine blocks the AV node in Wolff-Parkinson-White with atrial fibrillation, forcing conduction through the accessory pathway and potentially causing ventricular fibrillation.

  7. A patient presents with fever, new-onset aortic regurgitation murmur, and splinter hemorrhages. Blood cultures grow viridans streptococci. Which is the most likely portal of entry?

    Answer: Dental procedure

    Viridans streptococci are oral flora and the most common cause of native valve endocarditis following dental procedures.