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Cardiovascular System Flashcards

7 cards from real PANCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Cardiovascular System flashcards as text

  1. A 68-year-old man presents with exertional chest pain relieved by rest. EKG shows ST depression during a stress test. Which medication is first-line for symptom management?

    Answer: Beta-blocker

    Beta-blockers are first-line for stable angina as they reduce myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate and contractility.

  2. A patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) experiences syncope. Which intervention would WORSEN outflow obstruction?

    Answer: Amyl nitrite inhalation

    Amyl nitrite causes vasodilation and decreases preload and afterload, which worsens HOCM outflow obstruction by allowing greater septal apposition to the anterior mitral leaflet.

  3. A 55-year-old woman is found to have a diastolic murmur at the left sternal border that increases with inspiration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Pulmonary regurgitation

    Pulmonary regurgitation produces a diastolic murmur at the left sternal border that increases with inspiration (Carvallo sign) due to increased right-sided flow.

  4. Which finding on transthoracic echocardiogram is most consistent with cardiac tamponade?

    Answer: Right ventricular diastolic collapse

    Right ventricular diastolic collapse is the classic echocardiographic finding in cardiac tamponade due to elevated pericardial pressure exceeding low RV diastolic pressure.

  5. A 72-year-old man with heart failure has a BNP of 1,200 pg/mL. His ejection fraction is 30%. Which diuretic combination is preferred for decongestion?

    Answer: Furosemide plus metolazone

    Furosemide plus metolazone provides sequential nephron blockade, overcoming diuretic resistance common in advanced heart failure with low GFR.

  6. A patient presents with sudden-onset tearing chest pain radiating to the back. CT angiography confirms a Stanford Type B aortic dissection. Initial management should include:

    Answer: IV labetalol and nicardipine

    Uncomplicated Type B dissections (descending aorta) are managed medically with IV beta-blockers to reduce heart rate and blood pressure, limiting propagation.

  7. A 45-year-old man has prolonged QT on EKG (QTc 510 ms) and is prescribed an antibiotic. Which is SAFEST to use?

    Answer: Amoxicillin

    Amoxicillin does not prolong the QT interval, making it safe in patients with prolonged QTc, unlike macrolides and fluoroquinolones.