PANCE PANCE Renal System

Question 1

A patient with nephrotic syndrome has 4+ proteinuria and lipiduria. Which urinalysis finding is most characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Oval fat bodies

Answer

WBC casts

Answer

RBC casts

Answer

Granular casts

Question 2

A 55-year-old presents with flank pain, gross hematuria, and a palpable mass. CT reveals a solid renal mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Renal cell carcinoma

Answer

Transitional cell carcinoma

Answer

Nephroblastoma

Answer

Angiomyolipoma

Question 3

Which medication class is first-line for reducing proteinuria and slowing CKD progression in a patient with diabetic nephropathy?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Thiazide diuretics

Question 4

A patient with CKD has a serum potassium of 6.4 mEq/L and peaked T-waves on ECG. What is the first intervention?

Accepted Answer

IV calcium gluconate

Answer

Sodium bicarbonate

Answer

Insulin with dextrose

Answer

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate

Question 5

Which lab pattern is most consistent with prerenal azotemia?

Accepted Answer

BUN:Cr ratio >20:1 with urine sodium <20 mEq/L

Answer

BUN:Cr ratio <10:1 with urine sodium >40 mEq/L

Answer

Muddy brown casts with urine sodium >40 mEq/L

Answer

WBC casts with low urine osmolality

Question 6

A dialysis patient develops fever, chills, and hypotension during a hemodialysis session. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Catheter-related bloodstream infection

Answer

Air embolism

Answer

Hemolysis

Answer

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome