Mixed Deck — All OT Topics Flashcards

An 82-year-old man with dementia is being evaluated by an occupational therapist in home health care. Which of the following has to be evaluated the MOST in order for the therapist to offer the right suggestions for activity involvement in between therapy sessions?

Answer: Current and potential systems of support

For an individual with dementia in home health, the ability to safely and consistently engage in activities between therapy sessions is heavily dependent on the support available. Dementia impacts memory, judgment, and safety, making independent activity planning challenging. Evaluating current and potential systems of support (e.g., family, caregivers, community resources) is crucial for the therapist to develop realistic, safe, and sustainable activity recommendations that can be implemented effectively.

When writing a letter of medical necessity for a power wheelchair, the OT must document:

Answer: Functional mobility limitations, failed trials of less-technology alternatives, and how the chair enables participation

Medicare and most insurers require documentation of functional need, failed alternatives, and how the device restores participation for AT coverage.

Which muscle group is responsible for producing inversion of the foot?

Answer: Tibialis anterior and posterior

The tibialis anterior (dorsiflexion + inversion) and tibialis posterior (plantarflexion + inversion) are the primary inverters of the foot.

A 35-year-old construction worker is recovering from a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and reports difficulty returning to work. The OT uses the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) to guide evaluation. Which MOHO concept BEST explains why the worker's strong prior work identity is an asset in rehabilitation?

Answer: Occupational identity, which motivates engagement and goal-directed behavior

MOHO's occupational identity represents one's cumulative sense of who one is as an occupational being, providing motivational drive for rehabilitation.

Early intervention services under IDEA Part C are designed for children aged:

Answer: Birth to 3 years

IDEA Part C covers early intervention services for infants and toddlers from birth through 36 months (3 years).

An OT is using the Dynamic Interactional Model (Toglia) with a stroke patient who has unilateral neglect. The therapist asks the patient to cross out all stars on a page and then asks 'How many do you think you missed?' This technique is BEST described as:

Answer: Metacognitive strategy training to improve self-monitoring and awareness of performance

Asking patients to predict and self-evaluate their performance is a metacognitive strategy training technique central to Toglia's Dynamic Interactional Model.

An occupational therapist (OT) checks a goal regarding an elderly client with a recent fall and a hip fracture while she peers reviews a coworker's documentation. "Lucy will transfer to and from her toilet, provided a walker and grasp bars, with minimal assistance in 4/4 trials within three days," the statement reads. Which SMART goal requirement does this goal not meet?

Answer: Attainable

The goal states Lucy will achieve minimal assistance with toilet transfers in 4/4 trials within three days of a hip fracture. This timeframe is highly unrealistic and potentially unsafe for an elderly client recovering from a recent hip fracture, making the goal not attainable. Recovery from a hip fracture typically requires a longer period for bone healing, pain management, and strength regaining before achieving such independence.

When using the Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT) approach, the OT's primary goal is to:

Answer: Inhibit abnormal tone and facilitate normal movement patterns

NDT focuses on inhibiting abnormal tone patterns and facilitating more normal, coordinated movement.

Which pressure-relieving wheelchair cushion type is MOST appropriate for a client at HIGH risk for pressure injuries?

Answer: Air-filled alternating pressure cushion

Air-filled alternating pressure cushions provide dynamic pressure redistribution, making them appropriate for high-risk individuals when foam or gel is insufficient.

When the teeth are clenched or when the mouth is slightly open, is the TMJ (jaw) in the close-packed position?

Answer: When the teeth are clenched

The close-packed position of a joint is where the joint surfaces are maximally congruent and the ligaments are most taut, providing maximum stability. For the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), this occurs when the teeth are clenched, as the condyle is fully seated in the mandibular fossa and the articular disc is compressed.

When performing a functional capacity evaluation (FCE), the OT is PRIMARILY determining:

Answer: The client's ability to perform work-related tasks safely

An FCE objectively measures a client's safe physical work capacity, informing return-to-work decisions and matching abilities to job demands.

A client who is blind requires a computer access solution. Which OT intervention is MOST appropriate?

Answer: Screen reader software training (e.g., JAWS or NVDA)

Screen reader software converts visual information to auditory output, enabling full computer access for individuals who are blind.

An OT working in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) promotes development by recommending:

Answer: Individualized, developmentally supportive care and handling

NICU OTs apply Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) principles, providing individualized, supportive handling to protect neurological development.

An OT is working with a client who has right hemisphere stroke. Which deficit is the client MOST likely to exhibit?

Answer: Unilateral neglect of the left side

Right hemisphere strokes commonly cause left-sided unilateral neglect, where the client fails to attend to stimuli on the left side of space.

In the context of hand therapy, the A1 pulley is located at the level of which structure?

Answer: Metacarpophalangeal joint

The A1 pulley overlies the metacarpophalangeal joint and is the site most commonly involved in trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis).

An OT is working with a child with autism spectrum disorder who has difficulty tolerating clothing textures. This is BEST addressed using:

Answer: Sensory Integration (SI) intervention

Sensory Integration intervention, developed by Jean Ayres, directly addresses atypical sensory processing including tactile hypersensitivity that affects clothing tolerance.

A client with C6 spinal cord injury (complete) has preserved wrist extension but no finger flexion. Which adapted technique allows this client to perform basic grasp?

Answer: Tenodesis grasp

Tenodesis grasp uses preserved wrist extension to passively flex the fingers, enabling functional pinch and grasp without active finger flexor function.

Which instrument is the gold standard for measuring grip strength in hand rehabilitation?

Answer: Jamar dynamometer

The Jamar dynamometer is the gold standard for measuring grip strength due to its reliability and validity across multiple handle positions.

Environmental Control Units (ECUs) are MOST beneficial for clients with:

Answer: Severe physical limitations who need to operate home appliances independently

ECUs enable clients with severe physical limitations to control lights, TV, thermostat, and other appliances through switches or voice control.

The elbow is distal to which of the following structures?

Answer: Wrist

In directional anatomy, 'distal' refers to a point further away from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part. The elbow is located on the arm, and the wrist is further down the arm, away from the shoulder (which is closer to the trunk). Therefore, the wrist is distal to the elbow.